30 MOUNTAIN AND MOORLAND 



find was the slough of an adder the outermost layer 

 of the epidermis cast off in a piece, and turned inside 

 out It is interesting to see the imprint of all the 

 scales, for it is hardly necessary to say that the scales 

 are not sloughed, including the mark of the trans- 

 parent blind over the eye. We were pleased to see a 

 Brown Lizard (Lacerta vivlpard) very high up and an 

 astonishingly red Frog lower down. Both were after 

 the same things the insects of the hill. 



The beautiful little Milkwort (Poly gala serpyllacea) 

 was much in evidence, and we saw the three different 

 colour varieties blue, pink, and white. We were glad 

 to find a clump of the Needle Furze or Petty Broom 

 (Genista angllca) in flower, a dwarf and spiny second 

 cousin of the Common Broom (Cytisus scoparius). 

 Lower down among the Bog Moss we found Butter- 

 wort and Sundew, which we shall speak of later, and 

 in the beginning of the pasture land the dominant 

 plant, apart from the grass, was the beautiful Eye- 

 bright (Euphrasia officinalis) a bit of a hypocrite, as 

 we shall see, in spite of its look of innocence, for it is 

 not entirely depending on its own resources. We got 

 " oak-apples " on a young oak-tree, and a strange hairy 

 growth on a brier rose near the foot of the hill. Gall- 

 insects belonging to the Order of ants, bees, and wasps 

 (Hymenoptera) lay their eggs in the soft tissues of 

 plants, and the juice from the mouth of the developing 

 grubs seems to incite the plants to form a gall. But 

 the puzzle is that on a particular plant a particular 

 insect produces one kind of gall and no other, and that 

 it is usually just as perfectly finished as if it were a 

 normal growth. On a birch-tree we got the empty 

 cocoons of a very handsome Sawfly (Trlchiosoma 



