GROUP IV. — PHANEROGAMIA : ANGIOSPERMJ; : MONOCOTYLEDON ES. 561 



The flowers are ^ • They are tropical herbs, and the leaves which 

 spring from the subterranean rhizome have reticulate venation. 



Order 3. BitOMELiACE^. KS, C3, AS + 3, G (3). The ovary is 

 superior, inferior, or semi-inferior, trilocular, with many seeds. 

 Perianth heterochlamydeous. The leaves are usually long and 

 narrow, sharply serrate ; the stem is generally very short. The 

 flowers are J > ^"^ form spikes or panicles with bracts. 



Ananas sativa is the Pine-apple. The fruit is a berry, and the berries of 

 each inflorescence coalesce into 

 a spurious fruit (sorosis), above 

 which the axis of the inflorescence 

 extends and bears a crown of leaves 

 (Fig. 365 ; see p. 528). In a state 

 of cultivation the berries contain 

 no seeds. It is a native of America, 

 and is cultivated in all warm coun- 

 tries and in hot-houses. 



Cohort 3. Amomales 

 (Scitamineae). The flowers 

 are irregular, zygomorphic or 

 asymmetrical : general for- 

 mula, ^ KS, C3, ^3 + 3, G ,:,„ 

 occasionally with a great 

 reduction in the androecium. 

 Perianth wholly petaloid, or 

 the calyx may be sepaloid : 

 ovary usually trilocular. 

 Fruit, a capsule or a berry. 

 Usually no endosperm, but 

 abundant perisperm. They 

 are tall herbaceous plants; 

 the leaves are large and have 

 pinnate venation. 



Order 1. Musacej:. ^^ KS, C3, ^3-f2 f 1 or 0, QB. Flower 

 dorsiventral ; the anterior external member of the petaloid perianth 

 is usually very large, and the posterior always very small. In the 

 family M usees the odd sepal is anterior ; the sepals are usually free, 

 as are also the petals in Ravenala ; but in Strelitzia the two lateral 

 petals are connate, and in Musa the five anterior members of the 

 perianth are connate, forming a tube which is open posteriorly : 

 the posterior stamen is sterile or absent, and the others are not 

 always fertile. The flower of the family Heliconiea) differs from 



Fi6. 365.— Fruit of the Pine-*pple (redaced). 



