GROUP IV. — PHANEUOGAMIA : DICOTYLEDONES : MOXOCHLAMYDEJ:. 589 



flowers of the latter occur usually several together in the axils of the leaves, 

 and those of the former in pairs, one above the other, together with a branch, 

 in the axils of the leaves of the shoot of the previous year. 



The presence in Asarum of what is apparently a corolla renders the position 

 of this order among the Monochlamydeffi rather doubtful. 



Order 2. Cytinace j:. Parasites devoid of chlorophyll and with- 

 out foliage-leaves, with a usually deformed vegetative body, and 

 either solitary flowers of remarkable size, or small flowers in a 

 compact inflorescence. Flowers of various structure, mono- or 

 ambi-sporangiate : perianth campanulate : the stigmata and anthers 

 are borne on a central column: ovary generally unilocular: ovules 

 very numerous, having generally one or two integnraents : embryo 

 rudimentary : seed with or without endosperm. 



Sub-order 1. Cytine^. Flowers monosporangiate. Cytinus Hypocistis is 

 parasitic on the roots of Cistus in Southern Europe ; another species occurs in 

 Mexico, and another in South Africa. 



Sub-order 2. HYDNORKiE. Flowers ambisporangiate. Hydnora is parasitic 

 on the roots of Euphorbite, etc., in South Africa ; Prosopanche is parasitic on 

 the roots of Prosopis in South America : the seed contains both endosperm and 

 perisperm. 



Sub-order 3. Rafflesie^e. RafHesia and Brugmansia are parasitic on the 

 roots of Ampelidaceae and Legurainosae in the Malay Archipelago : Pilostyles 

 belongs to tropical South America. Rafflesia Arnoldi is conspicuous for tUe 

 enormous size of its flower. Brugmansia has ambisporangiate flowers. 



Cohort VII. Santalales. Parasitic plants: leaves, when 

 present, entire : stamens equal in number to the leaves of the 

 perianth and superposed upon them : ovary inferior, unilocular ; 

 ovules usually devoid of integument. 



Order 1. Santalacejj. Parasites provided with chlorophyll : 

 flowers generally ambisporangiate : ovules 1-4, suspended, upon a 

 free central placenta : perianth 3-5-lobed ; fruit a nut or drupe : 

 seed with endosperm. 



Themim linophnUum, the Bastard Toad-flax, is an indigenous plant which is 

 parasitic on the roots of other plants. The leaves are narrow and linear. The 

 bracts of the flowers, which are disposed in racemes, are usually placed high up 

 on the pedicels, close under the flowers, and in most of the species constitute 

 with the bracteoles a three-leaved epicalyx. The stamens are filiform, inserted 

 at the base of the lobes of the perianth. The perianth is persistent, remaining 

 curled up at the apex of the indehiscent fruit (Fig. 395 li). Suntalum album, 

 an East Indian tree, yields Sandal-wood. 



Order 2. LoRANTHACEiE. Parasites provided with chlorophyll : 

 flowers mono- or ambi-sporangiate ; sometimes dicKcious : perianth 



