594 PART III. — THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



three alternating trimerous whorls, one of sepals and two of 

 petals : stamens and carpels numerous, arranged spirally : seed 

 containing endosperm. Woody trees or shrubs. 



Tribe 1. Magnoliece. Carpels very numerous on an elongated cylindrical 

 receptacle : flowers invested by a spathoid bract ; stipules connate. Magnolia 

 grandiflora and other species, and Liriodendron tulipifera, the Tulip-tree, from 

 North America, are ornamental trees. 



Tribe 2. Illicieoe. Carpels in a single whorl on a flat receptacle (Fig. 340). 

 Illicium anisatum, the Star-Anise, is a native of China. 



Order 3. CALYCANTHACEiE. Flowers acyclic, perigynous : fruit, 

 an etaerio of achenes, resembling that of the Rose. 



Calycanthus flovidus, Carolina Allspice, is an ornamental shrub with brown 

 aromatic flowers. Chimonanthus, a fragrant shrub, also belongs here. 



Order 4. Nymph^ace^. Flowers usually acyclic without any 

 sharp demarcation between the petals and the stamens : pistil 

 either apo- or syn-carpous. Water-plants, generally with broad 

 floating leaves. 



Tribe 1. Nymphceince. Carpels connate, forming a polymerous multilocular 

 ovary which may be either superior or inferior. Ovules numerous, placenta- 

 tion superficial : seeds numerous, containing both endosperm and perisperm, 

 sometimes arillate (p. 459). The rhizome growa at the bottom of the water and 

 throws up broad, flat, cordate leaves with long petioles which float on the surface. 

 The flower also reaches the surface, borne on a long peduncle. 



Nymphaa alba, the white Water-Lily, has four green sepals, a great number 

 of white petals which, together with the very numerous stamens, are arranged 

 spirally, and a semi-inferior ovary, Nuphar luteum, the yellow Water-Lily, 

 has a calyx consisting usually of five greenish-yellow sepals ; the petals, which 

 are smaller and yellow, are usually 13 in number, and form a continuous spiral 

 with the indefinite stamens ; the ovary is superior. Victoria regia, a Brazilian 

 species, has peltate leaves of more than a yard in diameter. 



Tribe 2. Neliunbiea. Ovaries numerous, distinct, imbedded in the fleshy 

 receptacle : seeds solitary, exalbuminous. 



Nelumbium spcciosum is the Lotus of Egypt and Asia. 



Tribe 3. Cabombece. Flowers cyclic. Calyx and corolla each three-leaved. 

 Stamens 3-18 or oo . Ovaries 3-18, monomerous, each with two or three 

 ovules attached to its walls or to the dorsal suture of the carpel. Seeds con- 

 taining endosperm and perisperm. The submerged leaves are much divided, 

 the floating leaves peltate. Cabomba occurs in tropical America : Brasenia is 

 widely distributed. 



Cohort 11. Menispermales. Flowers usually ambisporangiate, 

 sometimes monosporangiate and then frequently polygamous; cyclic, 

 typically trimerous: perianth usually dift'erentiated into calyx 



