606 



PART III. THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



Order 5. ResedacetE. Flowers irregular, dorsiventral : sepals 

 and petals 5-8, the latter laciniate : stamens numerous : carpels 

 2-6 connate, forming a unilocular ovary, open at the apex, with 

 numerous ovules ; seed without endosperm : inflorescence a 

 raceme, without bracteoles. 



Reseda Luteola, the Dyer's Weed, or Weld, yields a yellow dye ; R. odorata is 

 Mignonette. 



Order 6. Cistacej:. Flowers usually actinomorphic and penta- 

 merous : the two external of the five sepals are generally smaller, 

 and sometimes they are absent : stamens numerous, in conse- 

 quence of multiplication : carpels 3-10, forming a uni- or multi- 

 locular ovary ; ovules orthotropous ; seed with endosperm. 

 Trees or shrubs with generally opposite stipulate leaves. 



Cistus has 5-10 carpels forming a chambered or completely multilocular ovary. 

 Cistus ladaniferus, creticus, and other species, grow in the south of Europe ; 

 a balsam is derived from tbem. Helianthemum has a unilocular trimerous 

 ovary : Helianthemum vuJgare, the Eock Kose, is an under-shrub which grows 

 wild on dry soils. 



Order 7. Bixace^. The seed of Bixa orellana, a native of 

 America, yields an orange-coloured dye known in commerce as 

 Annatto. 



Order 8. Violace^e. Floral formula J^5, C5, 45, G^^ : flowers 

 always borne laterally : ovules anatropous : fruit a loculicidal 



capsule (Fig. 409 (7): seed 

 with endosperm. The 

 indigenous species have 

 irregular dorsiventral 

 flowers ; the anterior in- 

 ferior petal is prolonged 

 into a hollow spur (Fig. 

 409 A cs) in which the 

 nectar secreted by the 

 spur-like appendages of 

 the two lower stamens 

 collects (Fig. 409 A fs). 

 The sepals are produced 

 at the base (Fig. 409 

 A Is). 



Viola is the Violet, Pansy, or Heart's-ease :— many species, as V. odorata, the 

 Sweet Violet, have only an underground stem which bears cataphyllary. leaves, 



Fig. 409. — Viola tricolor. A Longitudinal section of 

 flower: V bracteole on the peduncle; I sepals ; Is ap- 

 pendage; c petals ; cs spur of the lower petals; /s 

 glandular appendage of the lower stamens; o an- 

 thers (after Sachs). B Ripe fruit ; fc calyx. C After 

 dehiscence: p parietal placentae ; steeds. (Mag.) 



