62G PART III. — THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



the lateral primary ridges winged, the wings of the two mericarps divergent ; 

 Angelica, Archangelica. 



Tribe 6. Peucedanece. Fruit without secondary ridges, dorsally compressed, 

 the lateral primary ridges winger!, the wings of the two mericarps apposed: 

 Peucedanum (inch Imperatoria), Pastinaca, Heracleum, Tordylium. 



Tribe 7. Daucinea. The secondary ridges are spinous : Daucus. 



Sub-order II. Campylosperme^. 



Tribe 8. Caucalinece. Secondary ridges spinous : Caucalis (inch Torilis). 



Tribe 9. Smyrniea. Fruit without secondary ridges : Anthriscus, Myrrhis, 

 Conium (Fig. 426 D), Smyrnium, Physospermum. 



Sub-order III. Ccelosperme^. 



Tribe 10. Scandicece. Fruit sub-globose, without secondary ridges : Scan- 

 dix, Chaerophyllum, Echinophora. 



Tribe 11. Coriandrcce. Fruit spherical ; secondary ridges more prominent 

 than the wavy primary ridges : Coriandrum (Fig. 426 E, F). 



Anthriscus silvestris, the Cow-Parsley ; Caruiii Carul, the Caraway ; Herac- 

 leum Spliondylium, the Cow-Parsnip ; A'lgopodiiim Podagraria, the Gout- Weed ; 

 Pastinaca sativa, the Wild Parsnip, are common in meadows and woods: 

 Crithmum, the Samphire, grows on rocks by the sea : Echinophora, the 

 Prickly Samphire, growing on sandy sea-shores, has been exterminated in 

 Britain. The following are cultivated : Apium grave denn, Celery ; Petro- 

 selinum sativum, Par- ley; Daucus Ca7-of a, the Carrot ; Pastinaca oleracea, the 

 Parsnip ; Anthriscus Cerefolium, the Chervil. The following are poisonous : 

 Conium maculatum, the Hemlock ; Cicuta virosa, the Water-Hemlock ; 

 jEthusa Cynapium, Fool's-Parsley. 



Order 2. Araliace^. Flowers generally pentamerous ; stamens 

 sometimes more numerous ; carpels more or less numerous : fruit, 

 a berry or a drupe. Shrubs, sometimes root-climbers, with 

 scattered palmate leaves. 



Hedera Helix, the Ivy, does not blossom till it is some years old : the umbels 

 are borne on erect branches, the leaves of which are entire. Fatsia papyrifera 

 is used in Japan for making a kind of paper known as rice-paper ; it is made 

 from the pith. 



Order 3. Cornaceje. Flowers tetramerous, isobilateral (see p. 

 508), with a usually dimerous bilocular ovary : fruit usually a 

 drupe. Shrubs with woody stems and entire opposite leaves. 



Cornus mas, the Cornel, has yellow flowers which bloom before the unfolding 

 of the leaves, and a red fruit: C. sanguinea and suecica are common shrubs: 

 Aucuha japonica has dioecious flowers, and a monomerous baccate fruit. 



Cohort II. Passlflorales. Flowers frequently monospo- 

 rangiate, regular; epigynous, perigynous or hypogynous ; penta- 

 merous : stamens in one or two whorls, or indefinite : gynee- 

 ceum syncarpous ; ovary usually trimerous and unilocular ; ovules 

 numerous, on parietal placentse. 



