644 PART III. THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



suppressed, or appears as a staminode : carpels 2, median : ovules 

 usually indefinite. 



Order 1. Scrophulaeiace^. Ovary bilocular, with numerous 

 anatropous ovules borne on axile placentae : seed with endosperm : 

 stamens four, didydamous, often with a rudimentary fifth posterior 

 stamen (Fig. 445 B, st) ; sometimes only the two lateral stamens 

 are present ; rarely all five are fertile : corolla with imbricate 

 (cochlear) aestivation : general floral formula as in Lamiales. 



Sub-order 1. Pseudosolane^. Flower nearly regular : the two posterior 

 petals are external, the anterior internal : stamens usually 5 : leaves scattered. 

 The genus Celsia has only 4 stamens. In the British species of the genus 

 Verbascum, V. Thapsus, the great Mullein, has unequal stamens, the two 

 anterior being longer and glabrous, whilst the three posterior are short and 

 their filaments have white hairs ; the stamens are similarly unequal in V. virga- 

 tum and in V. Blattaria, but here the hairs are purple and are present (though 

 fewer) on the filaments of the long stamens : in V. Lychnitis, mgrum, and 

 pnlverulentum the stamens are all similar, the hairs being purple in V. nigium 

 and white in the two other species. 



Fig. 444.— Floral diagrams, A of most Scrophulariacefe ; B of Veronica; C of the Lenti- 

 bulariacese : o upper, u under lip. 



Sub-order 2. Antirrhoide^. Flowers irregular : corolla as in the preceding, 

 the two posterior petals forming the upper lip of the corolla : stamens 4 : leaves 

 opposite. Antirrhinum, the Snapdragon, has a projection on the lower lip of 

 the personate corolla, termed the palate ; the corolla is gibbous at the base ; 

 stamens 4 (Fig. 445 A B): A. majus, the great Snapdragon, is a well-known 

 garden plant. Linaria has a spurred personate corolla ; stamens 4 : L. vulgaris, 

 the yellow Toad-Flax, is common in fields. In Gratiola the two anterior 

 stamens are represented by staminodes. Pauloicnia imperialis\Q an ornamental 

 flowering tree from Japan. Limosella (L. aquatico, the Mudwort) has a sub- 

 eampanulate corolla with a short tube. Mimulus {M. luteus, the Yellow Monkey- 

 flower) has a subcampanulate corolla with a two-lipped limb ; the two lobes of 

 the stigma close together on being touched. Maurandia and Rhodochiton are 

 genera of plants climbing by means of sensitive petioles. Many species of 

 Mimulus (Musk), Calceolaria, Chelone, and Peutstemon, are cultivated. 



Sub-order 3. Rhinanthoide-e. Flower irregular : the two posterior petals 

 are overlapped by the lateral petals : stamens 4, or 2. Digitalis, the Foxglove, 



