DICOTYLEDONES : GAMOPETAL^.. 649 



IfS, which, however, is not inserted at the base of its axillary shoot 

 (the point of the arrow indicates its proper position), but is dis- 

 placed upwards until it is close under the bracteole 2a ; this 

 displacement is repeated throughout the whole system of the cyme, 

 so that in Atropa there are always two leaves below each flower, a 

 larger one (Fig. 449 A la, 2a, and so on) which is the bracteole of 

 the flower, and a smaller one (Fig. 449 A 0^, 1^8, 2/3, etc.,) which 

 is the bract from the axil of which the flowering-shoot springs. In 

 other of the Solaneae similar arrangements are found. Most plants 

 of this order are poisonous. 



Tribe 1. Solaiuce. Fruit a berry ; embryo curved. In the genus Solanum 

 the anthers are syngenesious : S. Dulcamara, the Bittersweet or Woody Night- 

 shade, has a blue flower, and S. nigrum has a white flower ; both are common : 

 S. tuberosum is the Potato-plant. Fliysalis Alkekengi, the Winter Cherry, has 

 an inflated red calyx which encloses the berry. Lycopersicum esculentum is 

 the Tomato. The fruits of Capsicum loiujiim and annuum are known as Chili 

 Peppers. Atropa Belladonna is the Deadly Nightshade; the anthers are not 

 syngenesious, and the corolla is campanulate ; the berries are black and very 

 poisonous. Lycium barbarum is a shrub belonging to Southern Europe 

 which has become wild in places in the North. Hyoscyamus niger is the 

 common Henbane : the capsule dehisces transversely (pyxidium). 



Tribe 2. Daturete. Capsule almost quadrilocular in consequence of the 

 outgrowth of the placenta, 4-valved : embryo curved. Datura Stramonium is 

 the Thorn-apple. 



Tribe 3. Cestrece. Embryo straight : all five stamens fertile. Nicotiana 

 Talacum is the Tobacco plant (Fig. 329 li) : Petunia is commonly cultivated 

 (Fig. 324 D) : Cestrum is a well-known genus of greenhouse shrubs. 



Tribe 4. Salpigloinidew. Embryo straight : stamens unequal, only 2 or 4 

 fertile. The tribe includes many cultivated herbaceous or shrubby plants, such 

 as Salpiglossis, Scbizanthus, Browallia, Streptosolen. 



Order 4. Boraginacea:. Ovary consisting of two median carpels, 

 spuriously quadrilocular in consequence of a constriction along 

 the dorsal suture of each carpel (Fig. 4oU (7, r) : the single style 

 usually arises from the incurved apices of the carpels (gynobasic), 

 and is surrounded at its base by the four loculi (Fig. 450 B) : each 

 loculus contains a single suspended anatropous ovule : when the 

 fruit is ripe the loculi separate completely, and appear to be four 

 nutlets : seed without endosperm : the corolla usually has live scaly 

 ligular appendages at the junction of the limb with the tube (Fig. 

 450 -(4 b): inflorescence scorpioid (see p. 492), often very compli- 

 cated. Herbs or shrubs generally covered with harsh hairs and 

 only rarely glabrous, e.g. Myosotis palustris. 



