DICOTYLEDONES : GAMOPETAL^. 653 



The flowers of Jasmuuim grandijloruni and other species belonging to 

 Southern Europe, contain a very fragrant ethereal oil. 



Cohort V. Ebenales. Flowers acfcinomorphic, 4-8-meroiis ; 

 formula often ^(4) 0(4) ^4 + 4, G^^, the outer (antisepalous) 

 stamens being* sometimes suppressed : stamens epipetalous : carpels 

 opposite to the sepals : ovary multilocular, with one or two sus- 

 pended ovules in each loculus : fruit usually fleshy : seed usually 

 with endosperm. 



Order 1. SAPOTACEiE. Tropical trees with latex in sacs. 



The latex of species of Palaquium, Isonandra, Mimusops, etc., constitutes 

 gutta-percha. 



Order 2. Ebenacej:. Trees; flowers generally diclinous. 



Diospyros Ebenum in the East Indies, and other species in different parts of 

 the world, yield the wood known as Ebony : D. KaJd, the Persimmon, has an 

 edible fruit. 



Order 3. SiYRACEiE. Flowers perigynous or epigynous : trees. 



Gum Benzoin is the resin of Styrax Benzoin in the East Indies : Halesia 

 tetraptera the Snowdrop-tree, is a shrub frequently cultivated. 



Cohort VI. Primulales. Flowers actinomorphic, usually pen- 

 tamerous : formula 1^(5) (0(5) AO + b) 0- : stamens inserted on 

 the tube of the corolla and opposite to its lobes : gynaeceum con- 

 sisting of five connate carpels which are opposite to the sepals ; 

 ovary unilocular, with a free central placenta or a single central 

 ovule : seed with endosperm. 



Order 1. Primulacej;. Style single : ovules indefinite, on a free 

 central placenta (Fig. 338 G) : the corolla is gamopetalous, tubular 

 below, expanding above into a 5-lobed limb ; it is suppressed in the 

 genus Glaux : the stamens (Fig. 454 a) are generally adnate to the 

 tube of the corolla and are opposite to its lobes ; this position of 

 the stamens is explained by assuming the suppression of an outer 

 antisepalous whorl of stamens which is represented in some genera 

 {e.g. Soldanella) and in the following order by petaloid staminodes, 

 an assumption which is confirmed by the analogy of those Ebenales 

 in which the outer whorl of stamens is suppressed : fruit a capsule. 

 Herbaceous plants with conspicuous flowers. 



The genus Primula has a 5-valved dehiscent capsule, and a 5-cleft calyx. 

 Primula vnlgaria is the Primrose ; Primula elatior and P. veris are the Oxlip 

 and the Cowslip or Paigle ; they are remarkable in that they are heterostyled 

 (see p. 455). The capsule of Anagallis arvensis, the Pimpernel, dehisces 

 transversely (pyxidium). Cyclamen europmim, the Sow-bread, has an under- 

 ground tuber; the lobes of the corolla are reflexed. Lysimachia, the yellow 



