656 PART III. — THE CLASSIFICATION OF PLANTS. 



Order 3. Diapensiace^. Stamens five, inserted in the throat of 

 the corolla : a whorl of antipetalous staminodes sometimes present : 

 anthers opening by oblique longitudinal slits : ovary trilocular. 

 Low-growing evergreen shrubs. 



Diapensia lapponica is a creeping shrub of the far North : Shortia and 

 Galax grow on the mountains of North America. 



Order 4. PYROLACEiE. Sepals more or less distinct : petals com- 

 monly connate at the base only : anthers without appendages, 

 dehiscing generally transversely or by pores : fruit a loculicidal 

 capsule : seed minute, with an extremely small embryo consisting 

 of only a few cells, and a relatively massive integument. Sapro- 

 phytes containing chlorophyll. 



Pyrola rotundifolia, secunda, minor, and imijiora, the Winter-greens, are 

 found in woods. 



The Monotropees are saprophytes devoid of chlorophyll, with scale-like 

 leaves. Monotropa Hypopitys {Hypopitys multijlora), the Bird's nest, is not 

 very common in England. 



Closely allied with the Pyrolaceee is the order Lennoace^, consisting of a 

 few root-parasites destitute of chlorophyll. 



Order 5. Vacciniacej]. Ovary inferior (Fig. 455 C) : anthers 

 with appendages (Fig. 332 B), usually opening by two pores : 

 fruit a berry. 



Vaccinium Vitis-Idcea is the red Whortleberry or Cowberry ; it usually 

 blossoms and bears fruit twice in the year : F. Myrtillus is the Bilberry, 

 Blaeberry, or Whortleberry, with deciduous leaves : V. Oxycoccos (Oxycoccos 

 palustris, or Schollera Oxycoccos) is the Cranberry: and V. idiginosum, the 

 great Bilberry or Bog- Whortleberry. They are all low shrubs occurring on 

 moors. 



SEKIES II. EPIGYNiE. 

 Ovary inferior. 



Cohort I. Campanales. Flowers actinomorphic or zygo- 

 morphic, pentamerous ; formula K{^) ^(^) -^(^) ^(2) to ,5): sepals 

 leafy and narrow : stamens usually free from the corolla, but 

 often connate : ovary multilocular, of two to five carpels, inferior. 



Order 1. Campanulace^e. Flowers regular, frequently zygo- 

 morphic in consequence of oligomery in the gynaeceum ; sometimes 

 actinomorphic (Fig. 312): stamens five, often .connate at the base : _ 

 ovary usually trilocular, with numerous ovules ; placentation 

 axile ! fruit a capsule : seed with endosperm. Mostly herbs with 

 milky latex. 



