INSECTS 



Ccuthorhynchus, Duv. 



— assimilis, Pk. (Bold, Bagnall, 



Gardner) 



— erica-, Gyll. (Bold) 



— erjsimi, F. (Bold) 



— contractus. Marsh. (Bold, 



Bagnall, Gardner) 



— quadridens, Pz. (Bold, Bag- 



nall, Gardner) 



— gcographicus, Gocz. Rare. 



(Bold) 



— pollinarius, FOrst. (Bold, 



Bagnall) 



— pleurostigma. Marsh. (Bold, 



Bagnall, Gardner) 



— marginatus, Pk. (Bold) 



— rugulosus, Hbst. Rare (Bold, 



Gardner) 



— asperifoliarum, Gyll. (Bold, 



Bagnall) 



— litura, F. (Bold) Dement 



Valley and WeardaU (Bag- 

 nall) 

 Ceuthorhynchidius, Duv. 



— floralis, Pk. (Bold, Bagnall) 



— pyrrhorhynchus, Marsh. Not 



common (Bold) 



— mclanarius, Steph. Durkam 



(Ornsby's Durham) 



— terminatus, Hbst. Rare. 



(Bold) 



Ceuthorhynchidius, Duv. 



— horridus, F. Very rare. 



ll'estoe (Bold) 



— troglodytes, F. (Bold, Gard- 



ner) 

 Rhinoncus, Steph. 



— pcricarpius, L. (Bold, Gard- 



ner) 



— gramincus, F. Very rare. 



South Shields (Bold), Har- 

 tlepool (Gardner) 



— pcrpcndicularis, Reich. (Bold) 



— castor, F. Gibs'ule, rare. 



(Bold) 

 Litodactylus, Rcdt. 



— leucogaster, Marsh. (Bold) 

 Phytobius, Schm. 



— 4-tuberculatus, F. (Bold, 



Gardner) 

 Limnobaris, Bed. 



— t-album, L. (Bold) 

 Balaninus, Germ. 



— viUosus, F. Rare. (Bold) 



— salicivorus, Pk. (Bold, Bag- 



nall) 

 Calandra, Clair. 



— granaria, L. (Bold) 



— oryza;, L. Imported (Bold) 

 M.igdalis, Germ. 



— carbonaria, L. Near Gibside 



(? Bold) 



Magdalis, Germ. 



— armigera, Fourc. (Bold) 



SCOLYTID^ 



Scolytus, Mull. 



— destructor, Ol. (Bold) 

 Hylastes, Er. 



— atcr, Pk. (Bold) 



— opacus, Er. Rare (Bold) 



— palliatus, Gyll. (Bold) 

 Hylesinus, F. 



— crenatus, F. (Bold, Bagnall) 



— fraxini, Pz. (Bold, Bagnall) 



— vittatus, F. Gtbside (Hardy) 

 Myelophilus, Eich. 



— pinipcrda, L. (Bold, Bag- 



nall) 

 Phloeophthorus, Mull. 



— rhododactylus, Marsh. (Bold, 



B.agnall) 

 Dryocaetes, Eich. 



— villosus, F. Gibside (Bold) 

 Tomicus, Lat. 



— laricis, F. Byermoor (John- 



son) imported 

 Pityogenes, Bed. 



— chalcographus, L. Sunderland 



(Kirwood) 



— bidentatus, Hbst. (Bold) 

 Trypodendron, Steph. 



— domesticum,L.(Bold,Bagnall) 



LEPIDOPTERA 



Butterflies and Moths 



Though the surface characteristics of Durham will be discussed under other heads, it 

 appears desirable to refer briefly here to those affecting the Lepidopterous fauna. Durham 

 is not one of the larger counties of England, having a superficial area of less than a thousand 

 square miles, but this includes an unusual diversity of surface. It has a coast-line of some 

 thirty-five miles. The river Tees is the southern boundary of the county, and on the 

 Durham side of the river mouth is an extensive salt marsh, with characteristic plants and 

 insects. From this point to Scaton Carew, the southern boundary of the Hartlepools, is about 

 six miles. Following the windings of the shore, the Hartlepools take about other six miles ; 

 from their northern boundary it is nearly ten to Scaham Harbour, this distance being occupied 

 with banks of blown sand, alternating with limestone cliffs and earthy banks. The cliffs are 

 worn in several places, by the action of small streams of water, into ravines, locally called 

 ' Denes.' Some of these are of considerable length, have wcll-woodcd sides, and afford shelter 

 to a great variety of insects. Castle Eden Dene, the largest of these ravines, winds inward 

 for several miles. It is not only the longest, but is the widest of all, and has long been known 

 as a famous habitat of Lepidoptera. Hesleden Dene, a few miles nearer Hartlepool, is 

 of considerable length, but is not nearly so wide, nor so favourable for collectors, being without 

 open paths. Hawthorn Dene is nearer Seaham Harbour, but is less extensive and has been 

 very little examined, being inconvenient of access. There are many other smaller places along 

 the coast, the shorter ravines being called ' Gills.' After this range of cliffs and sand banks, 

 we reach Seaham Harbour, over ten miles to the north of Hartlepool. A few miles further 

 north, and we reach Sunderland, Ryhope Dene lying between these towns. Seven or eight 

 miles further is South Shields, on the south side of the river Tyne, which forms the boundary 

 to the north. The longest stretch of shore, unbroken by town or even village, is between 

 Hartlepool and Seaham Harbour, and there, and in the Denes, a great variety of insects may 

 be found. At Hartlepool, Sunderland, and South Shields are extensive ' Ballast Hills,' formed 



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