A HISTORY OF DURHAM 



7. Clubtona reclusa, O. P.-Cambridge. 



Durham (J. E. H.). 

 A rarer species than the last ; usually beaten 

 from foliage and bushes in the summer time. 



8. Clubiona htescens, Westring. 



Durham (J. E. H.). 

 Pretty plentiful in the woods at Durham. 

 Sometimes fairly abundant where it occurs amongst 

 dry rushes and sedge grass in swampy places. 



9. Clubiona palMula (Clerck). 



Durham (J. E. H.). 

 A larger species than any of the above, and 

 usually fairly common amongst bramble bushes, 



where the female makes its egg-cocoon within the 

 folded leaves. Known also as C. epimelas. Black- 

 wall. 



10. Clubiona compta, C. L. Koch. 



Durham ; Teesdale ; Wolsingham (J. E. H.). 



A very small species, whose abdomen is striped 

 diagonally on each side. Not uncommon amongst 

 the foliage of bushes and shrubs in the summer 

 time. 



11. A//Vjr/(j^a^fdn(7 (Sundevall). 



Durham, ShinclifFe Mill (J. E. H.). 



Known also as Drassus micans and nitens. Black- 

 wall. 



THOMISID^ 



Spiders with eight eyes, situated in two trans- 

 verse rows, two tarsal claws, and anterior spinners 

 close together at their base. Maxilla not impressed. 

 The crab-like shape and side-long movements of 

 these spiders are their chief characteristics, enabling 

 them to be easily distinguished as a rule from the 

 more elongate Drassida and Clubiottid<e. 



12. Pkilodromus aureolus (Clerck). 



Durham ; Wolsingham ; Ryhope (J. E. H.) 



A ver)- abundant species, with usually a dull red- 

 brown abdomen, with yellowish central pattern. 

 It frequents the foliage of trees of all kinds, and 

 especially in the immature condition will out- 



number all other species which fall into the um- 

 brella beneath the beating-stick. 



13. Xysticui cristatus (Clerck). 



Upper Teesdale (J. E. H.). 

 This is by far the commonest of the ' crab- 

 spiders,' and is found abundantly on foliage or 

 crouching on bare places in fields and commons. 

 Known also under Thomisus. 



14. Oxyptilajlexa, O. P.-Cambridge. 



Durham (J. E. H.). 

 An adult male and an immature female were 

 beaten from furze near the city in the summer of 

 1894. 



SALTICID^ 



The spiders of this family m.iy be recognized in 

 a general way by their mode of progression, con- 

 sisting of a series of leaps, often many times their 

 own length. More particularly they may be 

 known by the square shape of the cephalic region 

 and the fact that the eyes are arranged in three 

 rows of 4, 2, 2, the centrals of the anterior row 

 being much the largest and usually iridescent. 

 Those of the second row are the smallest, while the 

 posterior pair is placed well back and helps to give 

 the quadrate character to the carapace. Otherwise 

 these spiders are simply specialized Clubionids with 

 two tarsal claws and other minor characters possessed 

 in common with members of this latter family. 



15. Salliciis scenicu! (Clerck). 



Durham ; Ryhope (J. E. H.). 

 A black species with white lateral stripes. Known 

 also under Epiblcmum. 



16. Euophrys frontalis (Walckenaer). 



Duham, Pelaw Wood (J. E. H.). 

 Not common. Known also under Salticus. 



1 7. Neon reticulatus (Blackwall). 



Durham ; Upper Teesdale ; Ryhope (J. E.H.). 

 Not common. Known also under Salticuj. 



18. Salticus cingulatus {?3.\vz.cr). 



Durham ; Harpcrley ; Wolsingham (J. E. H.). 

 Known also under Epiblemum. 



19. Euophrys erraticus (Walckenaer). 



Durham, Pelaw Wood and Kcpier Wood 

 (J. E. H.). 

 Amongst grass, dead leaves, and under stones or 

 on rocks. Known also under Jttus and as Salticus 

 distinctus, Blackwall. 



PISAURID^ 



Spiders with eight eyes in three rows of 4, 2, 2 ; 

 the small anterior eyes being sometimes in a straight 

 line, sometimes recurved and sometimes procurvcd. 

 Those of the other two rows arc situated in the 

 form of a rectangle of various proportions, and are 

 much larger tlian the eyes of the anterior row. The 

 tarsal claws arc three in number. Pisaura runs 



freely over the herbage, carrying its egg-sack be- 

 neath the sternum ; while Dolomcdes is a dweller 

 in marshes and swamps. 



20. Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck). 



Durham (Rev. A. M. Norman). 

 Known also as Dolomcdes or Ocyale mirabiRs. 



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