SPIDERS 



within its shelter the small greenish egg-sacs. The 

 young when hatched pass also their earlier days 

 within the tent, but on the death of the mother 

 spider they scatter, talcing up positions for themselves 

 amongst the neighbouring foliage. Known also as 

 7*. nervosum, Blackwall. 



lOO. TkeriJlon fktum (Walckenaer). 



Durham ; Teesdale ; Wolsingham (J. E. H.). 



A very beautiful species, resembling a large ex- 

 ample of T. variant with a bright red and white 

 dentated band on the dorsal side of the abdomen, 

 found, often abundantly, on holly and other bushes, 

 where they construct a large and very perfectly 

 formed thimble-shaped domicile covered with dry 

 chips of leaves and twigs, often decorated with the 

 wings, legs, wing-cases and other debris of the 

 victims which have served them for food. 



loi. TkeriJion ovatum (Clerck). 



Durham 0- E. H.). 



A ver}' common species. The female lives in 

 the folded leaf of a bramble, or that of some other 

 shrub, spinning the edges together. Within this 

 domicile she constructs a round sea-green egg-sac 

 about as large as the seed of the sweet-pea. The 

 spider has a pale yellow abdomen with a broad 

 pink central dorsal band or two pink bands, one 

 on each side. The male and female can often be 

 found together within their leafy domicile. This 

 spider is also known under the name Phylknethis 

 lineata, 



lOi. Theridion pallens, Blackwall. 



Durham ; Wolsingham ; Urpeth (J. E. H.). 

 This minute Theridioid, pale yellow in colour. 



with often a dark, or paler, dors.al spot on the 

 abdomen, lives beneath the leaves of shrubs and 

 trees, laurel, elm, lime, etc., whore it spins its 

 minute pear-shaped pure white egg-sac, which rests 

 on its larger end and has several small cusps towards 

 the sharp-pointed stalk. 



103. Steatoda bipunctata (Linnaius). 



Durham ; Teesdale (J. E. H.). 



A dark brown shiny rather flattened spider, 

 living in chinks of walls, angles of windows and 

 crevices in the partitions of old stables, etc., 

 emerging usually at nightfall. The males are re- 

 markable for their very large palpi and also for the 

 possession of a strlJulating organ, formed by a series 

 of chitinous ridges in a hollow at the anterior part 

 of the abdomen, which move over some cusps on 

 the conical posterior of the carapace. 



104. Euryop'n blackwallii (O.P.-Cambridge). 



Durham ; ShinclifTe wood (J. E. H.). 



A single adult female only. Known also under 

 Theridion. 



105. Pedanostethus Uvidus (Blackwall). 



Durham ; Teesdale (J. E. H.). 



Adult in summer and common under stones in 

 damp places. Known also under Neriene. 



106. Ero furcata (Villiers). 



Durham ; Wolsingham ; Teesdale ; Ryhope 

 (J.E.H.). 



A widespread species, but nowhere abundant ; 

 chiefly found amongst thick grass. Known also as Ero 

 tkoracica, Wider, and Theridion variegatum, Blackwall. 



DICTYNID^ 



The spiders belonging to this family possess three 

 tarsal claws, and the eyes, eight in number, are 

 situated in two transverse rows, the laterals being 

 in contact. The cribellum (or extra pair of 

 spinning organs) and the calamistrum (1 row of 

 curving bristles on the protarsi of the fourth pair 

 of legs) are present in all members of the family. 

 They construct a tubular retreat with an outer 

 sheet of webbing, which is covered with a floccu- 

 lent silk made with the calamistrum from threads 

 furnished by the cribellum. 



107. jimaurobiut limilii (Blackwall). 

 Durham ; Teesdale (J. E. H.). 



A very common species in greenhouses, stables 

 and other outhouses. The males may often be 

 found wandering about the walls of dwelling- 

 houses after nightfall. Known also under the 

 name Cini_flo. 



108. Amaurobiui fenestrarti (Stroem). 



Durham ; Teesdale ; Wolsingham (J. E. H.). 

 Common under stones throughout the year, 



especially in woods and on the moors. Known 

 also as Cinifio atrox, Blackwall. 



109. Amaurobius fcrox (Walckenaer). 

 Birtlcy (J. E. H.). 



A much larger species, shiny purple-black with 

 pale markings, found in cellars and also beneath 

 rocks and stones on the coast or in crevices of 

 banks in the open countrj'. Known also under 

 the name Cinijio. 



1 10. Diclyna uncinala, Thorcll. 

 Durham ; Wolsingham (J. E. H.). 



Plentiful on low shrubs, such as box. The 

 female may be found guarding her cocoon in May 

 and June. 



111. Dii:lyna arundinacea (Linnaeus). 



Durham ; Wolsingham ; Ryhope (J. E. H.). 

 Not very common on gorse- bushes. 



H7 



