A HISTORY OF DURHAM 



for burrowing, the beautifully setose sand-furrowing Haustorius arenarius (Slabber) is recorded 

 by Dr. Norman from near Sunderland, the allied Uroihoe marina (IJate) from near Holy 

 Island, and Bathyporeia gut Ilia mmiiana (Bate), doubtfully under the name B. norvfi^ita, Sars, 

 as having been taken by Dr. Brady at Whitburn, co. Durham.' In this family tiie fourth 

 pair of peraeopods are not greatly longer than the fifth, as they are in the next family, the 

 Phoxocephalida;. This latter supplies Harpinia neglecta^ Sars (more properly called H. anten- 

 naria, Meinert) from Durham coast, Norman.* It may be remarked that the Amphipoda, 

 like the Isopoda, have seven pairs of trunk-legs, the first two pairs known as gnathopods being 

 homologous with the second and third maxillipeds in the crabs and other higher crustaceans.'* 

 Of the Amphilochida Meek reports Amphllochoidcs pusillus from 21 fathoms off Soutcr Point. 

 A species was indeed so named by Sars in 1892, but that distinguished author in 1895 recognised 

 that the form in question was A. odontonyx (Boeck), which is probably therefore the species 

 intended also by Mr. Meek.* In the Metopida Meek records Metopa palmata, Sars, from 

 5-6 miles off Souter Point, 21 fathoms.' Of the Stenothoidae, which are distinguished from 

 the Metopidx by having no palp to the mandibles, Norman mentions Stenothoe marina (Bate) 

 from Durham coast, and S. monoculoides (Montagu) from Fame Islands.* Of the Iphimcdiida; 

 Iphlmedia obfsa, Rathke, appears in Mr. Meek's list from the often quoted station 2j miles 

 off Souter Point. 



The very extensive family of the CEdicerotidae, which have no accessory flagellum to the 

 first antennae, and the fifth peraeopods much longer than the fourth, are represented in 

 Mr. Meek's lists by ^ Halimedon mullcri (Boeck),' which, in my opinion, should be called by the 

 earlier name IFtstwoodilla cacula. Bate, from 2^ miles off Souter Point ;'' Monoculodes carinatus 

 (Bate), ' a young specimen from near the inner Fame Island, 22nd June, 1898 ' ; 8 Synchelidium 

 brtvicarpurn (Bate), ' specimens from near Inner Fame''; and Periocu/odes /onglmanus (Bate), 

 from ' 5-6 miles off Souter Point in 30 fathoms.' 1° The last species was taken also by 

 Dr. Norman, ' off Marsden,co. Durham, 10 fathoms.' " It has bright scarlet eyes, and the genus 

 owes its name to the arrangement of the lenses all round the front of the head, producing the 

 effect of a single eye rather than a confluent pair, such as are found in the genus Alonoculodes. 

 In the Tironidae (formerly called Syrrhoidae), which also have more or less coalescent eyes, Tiron 

 acanthurus (Lilljeborg) is remarkable as having a pair of minute accessory eyes below the prin- 

 cipal pair. It is recorded by Meek in 1892 from 5-6 miles off Souter Point. 



The Gammaridas may be considered the central family of the Amphipoda, as representing 

 the forms from which the rest have in various ways diverged. Whatever in other families may 

 be regarded as commonplace and not peculiar is to be expected in the genus Gammarus. That 

 genus also in itself shows considerable adaptability, a character of no mean advantage for the 

 dispersion of a numerous progeny. We find the species Gammarus locusta (Linn.) quite at home 

 in deep water, G. marinus (Leach) mixing with it on the shore, and G. pulex (de Geer) 

 inhabiting fresh water in great abufidance, yet all the three are closely alike in appearance 

 and structure. The last of these, under the name of Gammarus aquaticus, is evidently intended 

 in Dr. Johnston's Lindisfarne catalogue. It is no doubt only the commonness of all three that 

 has hindered authors from specifying localities where they occur. ^ Niphargus suhterraneus 

 (Leach),' another freshwater Gammarid, one of the well-shrimps, occurs in this county, as 

 Dr. Norman kindly informs me by letter, but as to the name he agrees with me in thinking that 

 ' N. aqui/ex, Schiodte,' should be preferred. Leach's description of suhterraneus being too vague to 

 be relied on. To the same family belong Amathilla homari (J. C. Fabricius), Durham coast, 

 Norman '' ; Mara othonis (Milne-Edwards), from the same coast '' ; Cheirocratus assimi/is 

 (Lilljeborg), off Holy Island,'* described as ^ Ch. mantis, n. sp.,' by Norman in 1865 from the 

 locality mentioned '* ; Ch, sundevalli (Rathke), off Holy Island (Norman),'' and 2^ miles off 



1 Loc. cit., pp. 330-333. * Loc. cit., p. 337. 



' Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. ete.,xiv. (l), 97. 



♦ Crustacea ofNorzcay, i. 222, 690. 



' Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. etc., xiv. (l), 97. 



• Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, vi. 39. 



7 Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb., etc., xiv. (i), 97. 



* Northumb. Sea Fisieries Committee Rep. for igoijp. 56 (1901). 



' Loc. cit., p. 56. '0 Ibid., p. 56. " Jnn. Nat. Hist., scr. 7, vi. 51. 



" Ann. Nat. Hist., scr. 6, iv. 120. " Loc. cit., p. 126. 



'* Loc. cit., p. 130. ^^ Nat. Hist. Trans. Northumb. and Dun, i. 13. 



'• j4nn. Nat. Hist., scr. 6, iv. 132. 



159 



