BOLDON BOOK 



marking the growth of industry, and the erection of boroughs indicating the 

 development of exchange. There is, however, another phase of the sulijcct 

 which may properly be treated here, and that is the increase of population 

 marked by an intake of new land for cultivation and the appearance of new 

 settlements. Boldon Book mentions seven new vills. The Newtons by 

 Durham, Boldon, and Thickley appear to be earlier than Bishop Pudsey's 

 time, but Cornsay and Iledley, which he gave to Simon the chamberlain ' de 

 wasto nostro," Oxenhall, ' namely one carucate and two " culturas " of the 

 land of Darlington,' and Old Thickley, ' which was made of the land of 

 Redworth,' are examples of new settlements during Pudsey's pontificate. 

 Then there is evidence of a slower growth. Ralf de Binchester holds 

 Hunwick and the assart of Byers. In Hatfield's Survey we find that Byers 

 has grown into a vill which is held as a sub-manor." The prior and convent 

 were active in this business of taking new land under cultivation. Some 

 time before i 183 they exchanged Hardwick for the bishop's vill of Muggles- 

 wick, with the stipulation that they be permitted to clear 160 acres there on 

 the outskirts of the existing settlement.'' And they seem to have guarded 

 this right on their own land rather jealously.* Assarts occur in Boldon Book 

 in connexion with Gateshead, South Sherburn, Lanchester, Hunstanworth, 

 Whickham, and Bedlington. 



APPENDIX I 



The following tables arc intended to serve partly as an ' index nominum ' to Boldon Book, 

 but chiefly to help the reader in checking and testing the classification of tenants adopted in the text. 

 The first table enumerates those tenants who are not included in the peasant communities of villeins, 

 cottiers, and farmers, persons who for one reason or another stand outside the 'engere Gutsverband ' 

 and are treated individually. A second table has been added showing what may be called the 

 ministerial and industrial holdings which, it is thought, may be useful for purposes of reference and 

 comparison : — 



Place. 

 Boldon .... 

 Ncwton-by-Boldon . 

 Cleadon and Whit- 

 bum. 



Burden and Ryhopc 



Newbottle 

 Easington 



Thorpe. 

 Shotcon 



tn d 



North Sherburn 



Cassop . . . 

 South Sherburn 



Name of Tenant. Size of Holding. 



Robert 36 a. ... , 



Wife of Henry de Montana 40 a 4012'. 



Kctell 34 a... 



John de Whitburn . . 40 .i. I toft 

 Roger ...... „ „ 



Osbcrt son of Bosing . 

 Elfcr de Burdon 



Amfred 



John son of Henry 



Simon 



Geoffrey Cokesmath . 

 Robert Chet . . . 



80 a. 

 30 a. 



1 2 a. I toft 

 i cir. . . 



William Lorymer . . . 15 a. 



Saddok „ 



Ulkill 30 a. 



Thomas de Shaldford . . „ 



William of Kent . . . 60 a. 



30 a 5/. ; 4 boon-works, ploughs and 



harrows 1 a. ; errands. 

 3/. ; errands. 



\od.; 



Christian the Mason 



1 40 



bo 



Watling and Sama his wife 60 a ^ 1 



5'- 

 \\d. 



1 BoUon Bk. (Surtees Soc.), App. No. vii. 

 • Boidon Bk. (Surtees Soc), App. No. ix. 



317 



' Hatfel/Ts Survty (Surtees Soc), 43. 

 ■* Feod., 1 1 6 n, 1 4 1 n. 



