ANCIENT EARTHWORKS 



Jarrow : NEAR River Don. — Very little is to be seen here except a 

 mound at tiie south-cast angle of the site on which a circular foundation has 

 been uncovered. Jarrow Slake is on the east, 

 and the mound has a steep slope in this direc- 

 tion and on the south to the road. The 

 ground falls slightly to the west, but rises again 

 at a distance of some 60 yards from the 

 mound. Traces of Roman buildings have been 

 found on the site. 



Jarrow : River Tyne, near South 

 Shields. — This site is now built over and all 

 traces of earthworks destroyed, but Roman Jarrow. 



objects have been found on the spot. The 



position overlooks the Tyne on the west, the mouth of the river on the north, 

 and the sea on the east. The ground is nearly level on the site, but falls 

 beyond it to west, north, and east. 



Lanchester. — A Roman station measuring about 190 yards north to 

 south by 220 yards east to west, situated on high ground to the west of 

 the village of Lanchester, and just to the west of the line of Watling Street, 

 which runs parallel to its east wall. Of the walls nothing but the core is left 

 above ground, but this is exposed on all sides except on the north, where only 

 a short stretch can still be seen. No remains of the gates now exist. The 

 site is approximately level, and beyond some traces of a ditch on the west and 

 south, has no defensive earthworks. The position, on high ground in the 

 salient angle formed by the junction of two valleys opening westward, com- 

 mands a wide view ; the ground rises slightly to the west, and falls quickly 

 to the east and south. At a short distance south-west of the camp is a 

 circular depression, the site of a reservoir which was supplied by an aqueduct 



from the west. Within the area of the camp the 

 foundations of buildings are known to remain, but 

 little is now exposed except two apsidal chambers. 



Lanchester : ' Castle Steads,' Rowley 

 Gillet.' — The site is a low ridge between two 

 streams, to the south of the road from Cornsay 

 Colliery to Waterhouses, overlooked by high 

 ground on north and south, though at too great 

 a distance to affect its defensive strength. The 

 earthworks are three in number, lying in a line 

 from south-west to north-east along the ridge. That 

 towards the south-west is a small rectangular en- 

 trenchment, broken into by modern buildings on the 

 south, and of no importance as a defence. Next to it, 

 a little to the east, is an irregular mound said to cover the remains of a chapel, 

 and clearly occupying the site of a building. The third earthwork is the 

 most important, and lies on the northern slope of the ridge, the ground falling 

 north and east. It is a rectangle about 200 yards east to west by 100 yards 

 north to south, enclosed by an inner bank, on which are traces of a wall, and 

 a ditch with an outer bank ; the inner bank, which is the most considerable, 



1 Now in the modern parish of Hamstcels. 



■^7/^' 



o 



in f/ttma/i lltunoir 



Lanchester. 



