ANCIENT EARTHWORKS 



north-west to south-east by i 50 yards south-west to north-east. A railway 

 line cuts across its southern half, and a pit heap encroaches at the north-west, 

 obliterating the greater part of the west side, but elsewhere the bank and ditch 





iV. 



sccTign la a-b. 



• CALC OP rtcT 

 ^ to» top »^B 



Wardley Hall, 



LuDwoRTH Tower. 



stQTigN«. A-8. 

 Raby Castle, 



are fairly well preserved. The site is nearly level. Within the enclosure just 



north of the railway line is a low rectangular ridge which may mark the site 



of a destroyed building. 



PiTTiNGTON : LuDWORTH TowER, Shadforth. — On this site are the 



remains of a small bank and ditch enclosing a rectangular area, within which 



are the ruins of the tower, now reduced to a few walls. The ground falls on 



the west, south, and east, the steepest 



slope being to the south, to the line of 



the Shadforth Beck. On the north side 



the ground is level. 



Raby Castle. — The ground falls 



on all sides from the site of the castle, 



but not steeply enough to make the 



position a strong one for this reason 



alone. The earthwork defence consists 



of a broad ditch, now dry except on the 



south. The buildings of the castle stand 



in a walled enclosure, surrounded by the 



ditch, and entered only from the north- 

 west. To the north of the site is a small stream. 



Stockton-on-Tees : The Castle. — The area known as the Castle Field, 



an irregular four-sided site on the bank of the river Tees, defended on the 



south and west by a ditch of considerable size, is now entirely built over, and 



the ditch filled up. A short piece of the bank at the north-east corner alone 



remains at the present day, but the condition of the 

 earthworks before their destruction is shown on the 

 annexed plan. 



Tanfield : Middle Friarside. — A small rect- 

 angular enclosure surrounded on north-east, north-west, 

 and south-west by a bank and ditch, outside which are 

 a second bank and ditch of smaller size. At the north- 

 east angle there is a connexion between the two 

 ditches, and at the west angle of the outer ditch a 

 MiDDLi Friarside, Tanfield. shallow rectangular depression. The ground slopes 



359 



Stockton Castle. 





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