SCHOOLS 



to consist of such warden or principal and otiier officers as tlie dean and chapter, ' who were to be 

 governors,' sliouid, with tlie consent of tiic bisl\op, who is visitor, prescribe. Tlie university was opened 

 on 28 October, 1833, with nineteen scholars on the foundation, iotiged in the Archdeacon's Inn on 

 Palace Green, and eighteen other students. On 20 July i 834, a statute of the chapter constituted 

 the university, which was, by charter of King William IV., I June 1837, made a corporation 

 under the name of ' The Warden, Masters, anil Scholars of the University of Durham.' The first 

 degrees were granted by the university, 8 June, 1837. In 1839-40 estates were definitely assigned 

 to the university. First and foremost was the Castle of Durham, the splendid Bishop's Palace, 

 which gives the University of Durham a house more ancient and more magnificent, a quadrangle 

 more spacious, than any possessed by the University of Oxford. The principal, fellows, and students 

 of what is called University College, dine in the hall of the Castle, a hall which is larger than 

 that of New College and more beautiful than that of Christ ChurcJi, Oxford, while some students 

 live on the top of tiie mound in Bishop Hatfield's Keep, one of the most splendid sites in the world. 

 Unhappily the building is only a modern imitation of the antique. 



Tlie university has annexed the whole of the Palace Green, the magnificent quadrangle on the 

 north side of the cathedral. On the east side it has occupied the Exchequer buildings and the 

 Palatine Court of Chancery with its library, and has planted its museum in Cosin's Almshouse, and 

 uses the Langley-Cosin Schoolhouses, and on the west side the post-Restoration Grammar School, 

 as lecture rooms ; while in the persons of the canon-professors of Divinity and Hebrew it has also 

 thrown out creepers into the ' College ' on the south side of the church. Hatfield Hall, another 

 hall of residence for students, opened in 1846, is situated in the North Bailey, overlooking the 

 river, while the latest addition in 1904, St. Chad's Hall, at No. I South Bailey, occupies the very 

 site of the Almonry School and the ancient Fermery outside the Abbey Gates. 



An extinct hall of the same kind was Bishop Cosin's Hall, begun in 1 85 1, and from 

 1854. to 1864 presided over by the present Provost of Eton, J. J. Hornby, who left to become 

 second master at Winchester and then headmaster of Eton. 



The university has also * sent out its branches unto the sea and its boughs unto the river ' at 

 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, where in the Durham College of Medicine, 1870, and the Durham College 

 of Science, 187 1, the numerically larger portion of the university is now to be found. 



Durham University proper has not developed at the same rate as its younger offspring. When 

 first started, railways were in their infancy and the nobility and county gentry of Durham and 

 the north evinced some disposition to send their sons there. Canon Greenwell remembers three 

 sons of noblemen and eight sons of baronets at University College in his time, c. 1 840.^ But as railways 

 spread they were drawn ofiTto Oxford and Cambridge. Also the university was too much governed 

 by the dean and chapter. Even the scholarships were all in the gift of the chapter and not thrown 

 open to competition till 21 November, 1859. It was also for long too much of a one-man 

 university, under Archdeacon Thorp the first warden, who used to talk of it as ' my university,' 

 and, being a strong high churchman treated it as a strict church institution. Hence the theo- 

 logical side was the only one that flourished, and the University seemed about to die of inanition. 

 In 1 86 1 a royal commission was appointed, and as one result the wardenship was annexed to 

 the deanery. The accession of Dean Waddington, a genial man of the world, who had been 

 dean since 1 840, increased the numbers. He urged the chapter to give up the governorship of 

 the university in pursuance of the Act of 1841 which empowered them to transfer it to 

 the university itself. Dean Lake, a liberal in his ideas of education as of politics, promoted the 

 Newcastle colleges and various secular developments, degrees in law and music, and so on. In 

 November, 1895, Bishop Westcott and Dean Kitchin again tried to induce the chapter to 

 transfer their governing powers to the university, but the canons declined even to attend a con- 

 ference on the subject. So it still remains under ecclesiastical tutelage. 



In 1895 Dean Kitchin called the new sex in to redress the balance of the old by obtaining 

 a supplemental charter for degrees to women. In 1899 a hostel for women was opened which 

 since 1901 has been on Palace Green in the Abbey House. The university now contains 321 male 

 and 32 female students in residence at Durham, of whom 180 men are in University College and 

 Hatfield Hall and 141 are unattached, and 13 women are in the women's hostel and 19 unattached. 

 This is exclusive of a large number of students in music, male and female, who are non-resident. 



DARLINGTON GRAMMAR SCHOOL 



Darlington, the site of an ancient manor house of the bishops of Durham (which in 1 806 

 became the town poor-house !) and of the collegiate church of St. Cuthbert, whose beautiful spire 

 and high-pitched twelfth-century roof still form the most striking objects wiiich greet the eye on 

 entering the town, could not have been without its grammar school. But the only evidence of it 



' Durham University, by Dr. Fowler, p. 1 10 n. 

 387 



