PREFACE vii 



kindly loaned me several cuts from their catalogues illus- 

 trating apparatus of my own invention made by them. The 

 new illustrations, comprising about a third of those in the 

 book, have mostly been contributed by my colleagues in the 

 department of Botany at Smith College. Several of the 

 more notable of the figures, especially those in groups, viz., 

 62, 210, 213, 215, 298, 304, 311, 312, 318, 319, 321, 355, were 

 drawn from nature by Professor Julia W. Snow, while the 

 more elaborate of the anatomical drawings, viz., 85, 162, 163, 

 164, were drawn, also from nature, by Professor F. Grace 

 Smith. The best of the diagrammatic figures, viz., 81, 169, 

 182, 191, 222, 225, 226, 227, and 228, are the work of Miss 

 Helen Choate, though the other diagrams are my own. 

 Most of the remainder of the new figures, including several 

 from nature, many from photographs, and a large number 

 adapted from standard sources, are the work of my assist- 

 ant, Miss Marion T. Pleasants. In many other ways also, 

 these friendly co-workers, with another, Professor Grace 

 Clapp, have rendered invaluable aid, which I hereby grate- 

 fully acknowledge. 



This work was at first issued in two separate parts, and I 

 have taken advantage of their combination into one volume 

 to remedy some slight defects in the first impression, of which 

 the only ones of importance are corrections of minor errors 

 on pages 100, 108, and 254. 



A good many teachers have asked me whether laboratory 

 outlines are planned to accompany this text. It happeno 

 that they exist already, for Part II of my book The Teaching 

 Botanist (second edition, also published by the Macmillan 

 Company) , is devoted to outlines and full practical directions 

 for teaching the topics of a general laboratory course. While 

 not prepared especially to accompany this book, they accord 

 with it so closely as to render needless an additional work. 



W. F. GANONG. 

 Northampton, Mass., 

 June 26, 1917. 



