556 A TEXTBOOK OF BOTANY [Ch. XIII 



Martynia, and Gloxinia, with the Bladderworts (Fig. 399), 

 a family of insectivorous aquatic plants, including the 

 insectivorous Butterwort (Pinguicula) . 



Order 30. Plant agin ales: the Plantains. Some 

 200 species of herbs typified by the common dooryard Plan- 

 tain, of which the inconspicuous flowers show relations to 

 the Mints. 



Order 31. Rubiales: the Madders and kin. About 

 5300 species, mostly tropical, of trees, shrubs, and herbs, 

 with flowers often on the plan of four. Most important is the 

 Madder family (Rubiacece), including Coffee, Cinchona, 

 which yields quinine, our Bluets or Quaker Ladies, Button 

 Bush, and Partridge Berry. The Honeysuckle family 

 (Caprifoliaceae), includes all of the true Honeysuckles, 

 Snowberry, Snowball Bush, Weigela, the sweet Twin Flower 

 (Linncea), and High Bush Cranberry; here belong also 

 Valerian and the Teasel. 



Order 32. Campanulales: the Composites and kin. 

 A large group, over 13,000 species, almost entirely herbs, 

 with flowers highly specialized as to consolidation of parts. 

 They include three prominent families. The Gourd family 

 (Cucurbitaceoe), noted for the huge fruits developed from 

 inferior ovaries, includes Squash, Pumpkin, Cucumber, 

 various Melons, and Ecballium (Fig. 266). The Bell- 

 flowers (Campanulacece) , are garden forms, familiar in Blue 

 Bells, or Canterbury Bells, while with them belong the 

 irregular Lobelias, including our beautiful Cardinal Flower. 

 But by far the most important family is that of the Compos- 

 ite, which is the largest of all plant families, having about 

 12,000 species. Its most notable feature is the character- 

 istic composite head (Fig. 400) within which the flowers are 

 commonly differentiated more or less perfectly into showy 

 and reproductive members. Moreover an entire flower is 

 devoted to the pollination, and an entire disseminative ap- 



