Man's Place in Nature 189 



should stick to it. From our point of view it seems 

 premature and unnecessary. It abandons the 

 scientific mode of procedure while the inquiry is 

 still young, and the idea of spiritual influxes inter- 

 vening now and again to help natural evolution 

 over difficult stiles suggests that we have to do 

 with two worlds and not with only one. 



Ascent of Man.— But let us now turn to the 

 scientific outlook. The arguments by which Dar- 

 win and others have sought to show that Man 

 arose from an ancestral type common to him and 

 to the higher apes, are logically the same as those 

 used to substantiate the general doctrine of de- 

 scent—that the present is the child of the past and 

 the parent of the future. The '' Descent of Man " 

 is an expansion of a chapter in the "Origin of 

 Species." The arguments may be briefly sum- 

 marized : 



(1) Physiological— The bodily life of Man is 

 very like that of his presumed allies. Men and 

 monkeys are subject to similar diseases. Various 

 human traits of gesture and expression are paral- 

 leled among the brutes. Friedenthal's curious 

 physiological method of demonstrating blood- 

 relationship by similarity in the blood reactions 



holds good. 



(2) Morphological— The structure of Man is 

 very like that of the anthropoid apes. He is dis- 

 tinctive, but none of his anatomical distinctions, 



