206 The Bible of Nature 



human. Even if we knew precisely what cerebral 

 differentiations and integrations are conditionally 

 associated with Man's higher powers, even if we 

 could place these in line with a series of progressive 

 changes in animals, we should still have to say — 

 *'The Man arose, an organism at length rational; 

 to him all things became new — he spoke, and he 

 was moral." In other words, while we need not 

 despair of finding among animals the analogues, 

 the rudiments, the Anlagen of language and con- 

 science, we need not hope to discover the phyletic 

 history of these powers by studying animals. In- 

 creasing cerebral complexity made a higher in- 

 telligence possible, and both language and con- 

 science date from that dawn. 



When we consider how it stands with our feel- 

 ings and those of animals, we find a certain degree 

 of common ground — such as fear of enemies, dis- 

 like of pain, sexual passion, jealousy of rival mates, 

 parental affection and the like. On a second plane 

 are those feelings which though shared with ani- 

 mals are peculiarly modified in the case of Man, 

 through association with ideas rather than sense- 

 experiences. On a third plane are those feelings 

 of which Man seems to be sole possessor, such as 

 modesty, remorse, reverence, and religious emo- 

 tion. The "moral feelings" closely associated 

 with our ethical judgments and entering into the 

 composition of what we call conscience, such as 



