\.[y SYNOPTICAL KEY TO THE ORDERS. 



Class TT. MONOCOTYLEDONOUS or ENDOGENOUS PLANTS. Stems without 

 pith or aniuilar hiyers, the woody fibres scattered irre<,'ularly. Parts of the flower 

 usually in threes ami leaves mostly parallel-veined. Emliryo with a single cotyledon. 



A. Oviuy inferior : perianth conspicuous, colored: liurbaceons perennials. 



• Aquatic, with regular dioicious (lowers in a si>alhe : cnibiyo distinct, without albumen. 



104. Hydrocharidaceae, p. 129. Flowers a.xillary, .solitary, with tubular perianth. Fiiiit 



indeiiisieiit. Leaves op[)osite or whorled, 1-nerved. 



♦ ♦ Flowers perfect, irregular: seeds nu~iuerous, minute, with obscure embryo and no albiunen. 



105. Orchldaceae, p. 130. Stamens and style coherent. Anthers 1 or 2. Capsule l-celleti, 



with 3 parietal placeutiu. Leaves alternate. 



* * * .Flowers perfect, regular : embryo distinct, with albumen : capsule 3-cel!ed. 



106. Iridaceae, p. 133. Stamens 3, at the base of tlie perianth. Flowers spathaceons. Leaves 



ecpiitant. 



107. Amaryllidaceae, p. 141. Stamens 6, on the perianth-tube. Leaves not eipiitant. 



B. Ovary superior or nearly so : perianth ri'gular or none. 



* Carpels united into a compound ovary : perianth colored (outer series rarely herbaceous) : albu- 



men present. 



108. Liliaceae, p. 143. Stems from l)ull)s, corms or riiizomes : anthers 2-celled : fruit a 3-celled 



cajisule (1 -celled in Scoliopas) or a beriy. 



109. Smilaceae, p. ISO. Woody climber with tendrils. Flowers dioecious, small, G-jwrtcd. 



Antliers l-eelled. Fruit a berry. 



110. Pontederiaceae, y. 180. Herbaceous aquatic, with spathaceons tubular llowers. Ours 



with grass-like leaves, solitary axillary llowers, and 1-ceHed 3-valved capsule. 



111. Araceae, p. 187. Flowers crowded upon a spadix. Ours acaulescent, with 4-Iobed peri- 



anth, 4 stamens, and 2-celled 2-ovuled ovaries lleshy and coalescent in fruit. 



* ♦ Afpiatics : ovary 1-celled, utricular or nut-like in fruit : perianth none : seed albuminous. 



112. Typhaceae, p. 188. Flowers momecious, in heads or crowded on a spadix. Stems solid, 



leiete, witii linear leaves, from creeping rootstocks. 



113. Lemnaceae, p. 189. Veiy small floating sten\less plants, with disk-like fronds. 



* * * Aquatic or marsh plants : carpels distinct or separable (sometimes single) : perianth 



herbaceous or petaloid or none ; albumen none. 



114. Naiadaceae, p. 190. Carpels few (1 to G). Terianth of fertile (lowers of 4 to C lierhaceous 



vidvate .-5(']):il.s or none. 

 11 fj. Alismaceae, j). 199. Carpels numerous, vertieillate or capitate. Penanth-segmcnts (3, 

 distinct, 3 herbaceous, 3 petaloid. 



« * * * Perianth of 6 vt\\\\\\ persistent glumaceous segments : fruit a capsule. 



110. Juncaceae, p. 201. Capsule loculicidally 3-valved. Seed albuminous. Rushes or sedge- 

 like, with perfect (lowers. 



« » ♦ * » IViianth of 6 herbaceous segments in two dissimilar series. Fruit a 1 -seeded drupe 



or berry. 



117. Palmae, p. 210. Flowers on a laauching .spadix, usually spathaceons. Carpels 3, distinct 



or eoiierciit. Seeds large, albuminous. Trees, with fan-shaped or pinnate icave.s. 



* «*««* Flowers in the axils of scales or glumes, without evident perianth, in sfiikts : 



stamens 1 to 3 : ovary 1-celled, 1-ovuled: .seed albuminous. Sedges ami grasses. 



118. Cyperaceae, p. "il-i. Scales single. Perianth none or rejilaced by bristles. Stamens liasi- 



lixed. Fruit a triangular or lenticular akene. Stem solid, often triangidar, with clo.'-ed 

 sheaths. 



119. Gramineae, p. 'IhZ. Ohiines in pairs. Perianth nqilaeed by minute scales. Anthers ver- 



bulilo. Iwuil a caryopsis. Culm liollow, terete; slieaths split to the base. 



