Anemoiysis. PIPERACE/K. t7»7 



From Stanislaus and San Mateo Counties northwanl ; Arroyo del Puerto (Breiver); near Sears- 

 ville and Ul<iah {Bolandcr) ; Mark West Creek, liigdoio. Cllilian forms are also referred to it by 

 Ilegclniaicr. 



C. SEI-Ul/PA, Watson, rcsomWos the terrestrial form of tliis species, prostrate and rooting, with 

 small narrowly linear leaves. The fruit, however, is on stout pedicels (1 or 2 lines long), with 

 acute slightly divergent margins, and is soon dellexed and buried in the soil. It is allied to 

 C. dcflcxa and C. Nuttallii. Collected in Oregon (£. Hall), and to be looked for in California. 



■J- H- Fruit sessile {or very nearbj so), with acute or obtuse margins : bracts 



present. 



2. C. verna, Linn. Perennial, Avitli elongated stems and floating rosulate obo- 

 vate often eniarginate leaves, which are more or less narrowly petioled, the submerged 

 ones from spatulate to linear ; sometimes terrestrial and rooting, with short linear 

 leaves : bracts often exceeding the fruit, rarely wanting : styles erect or spreading, 

 usually shorter than tlie fruit, deciduous : fruit orbicular or slightly obcordate or 

 more usually elliptical, nearly a half of a line long, eniarginate, and with acute or 

 very narrowly winged slightly divergent margins. 



From San JIateo and Sierra Counties northward, and eastward across the continent ; found also 

 in Europe, Asia and South America. The species is very variable, and C. stcnocarpa, Hegelm. 

 1. c, X. 114 (at Searsville and near Ukiah, Srnm Bolandcr, growing with C. mur(jinata), appears 

 to be only a form with somewhat obcordate fruit, usually tliicker below, and with elongated styles 

 and bracts. 



3. C. Bolanderi, Ilegelm. 1. c. IIG. Very similar to C. verna, with stouter 

 elongated stems and rhombic-obovate floating leaves : styles elongated : fruit orbicu- 

 lar or somewhat obcordate, with obtuse closely approximate margins. 



Near Auburn, Placer C'ounty {Bolandcr); Oregon, Hall. 



* * Submersed 2^erennial,uiith numerous uniform linear l-nerccd leaves : flowers 

 without bracts: carpels separate nearly to the axis. 



5. C. autumnalis, Linn. Stems very slender : leaves 2 to G lines long, trun- 

 cate or retuse at the apex : fruit sessile, round, deeply notched, nearly a line in 

 diameter, the margins thin or at length winged : styles long, reflexed, caducous. 



Sierra County (Lcmmon) and north and eastward across the continent ; also in N. Asia and 

 Europe. 



Order LXXXIX. PIPERACE^. 



Perennial acrid herbs (in our species), with creeping rootstock and jointed or 



scape-like stems, entire petioled leaves, and mostly perfect bracteate flowers in dense 



terminal spikes or racemes, without perianth; ovary 1 - several-celled, with erect 



or ascending orthotrojwus ovules ; stigmas 1 to 5 ; fruit capsular or follicular or 



baccate ; seeds with thick coriaceous testa ; embryo minute in a small sac at the 



apex of the albumen. Stamens 3 to G or more, free or more or less adnata to the 



ovary. Leaves dilated at base or sheathing, without stipules. 



The true Piperaccce, distinguished by a 1 -celled ovary containing a single erect ovule and becom- 

 ing a dry or fleshy berry, are confmed chidly to tropical or subtropical regions and are unknown 

 in the United States, with the cxccjition of a single Pfprrmnin native to Florida. The Asiatic 

 species are often shrubs or trees, luid furnisli thi! Black IVpper and Cuhclis of commerce. Tiie 

 Saicrurecc have the ovary 3-5-celled, or 1-celled with 3 to 5 parietal plarentir, and two br more 

 ovules on each ])!acenta. This suborder includes but three genera, belonging to China and Japan, 

 excepting the following genus and a single species (Saururus ccrmcus) of the Atlantic States. 



1. ANEMOPSIS, Hooker. Yekba Mansa. 

 Flowers in a close conical spike with a 5 - 8-leaved persistent colored involucre, 

 each flower subtended by u free colored bract. Stamens G to 8, the short filaments 



