<2"^''^'"«- CUl'ULIFEIl/K. Q3 



poses, tj.0 Butternut {J. dnr.rca) hoth of tl.e Atlantic Statos, the English Walnut (J. rcma) a 

 silcdes ' " ^"Itivntccl throughout teniperatc Europe, an.l fom- or five other less known 



1. J.^Californica, AVntson. More or less tomentose, sometimes nearly "labrous • 

 ieallets .) to 8 i.air.s, u))lon-r-lanceolate, acute, narrowiiifr upward from near the base 

 ^ to ^h niches long: aments often in pairs, 4 to 8 inches long, loose: lobes of the 

 perianth m tlio stamiuato llowors lA lines long, acute or obtuse, veined : stamens 30 

 to 40; anthers a uie long, witli tlio ai.ex of the connective very short and bifid: 

 ruitgbbose slightly compresse.l, f to 1 inch in diameter: nut shallowly sulcate, 

 tlie walls rather tlim, with 2 broad cavities upon each side. — I'roc. Am. Acad x 

 349. J. rupcKtris, var. mnjor, Torrey in Sitgr. JJep. 171, t. IG. 



A troe or la r-c shrub, in the vicinity of San Francisco and along the Sacramento ovhere it is 

 son.etMucs cultivate, growing to the height of 40 to 60 feet, and 2 to 4 feet in diameter; rand n J 

 7huTr ""''"' "■'" """'^'''""^ ^^'''"°'' S'^"^''*^'" Arizona to New Mexico and Soimra? 



J. KUi'KSTRis, Engehn. Sitgr. Hep. 171, t. 15, is smaller (G to 20 feet lii^li), with 



more numer- 



ous (b to 12 pairs and usually more acuminate leaflets ; aments only 2 inches long, with smalle. 

 penanth, 20 to 30 stamens, shorter anthers an.l more prominent connective ; nut globose 6 or 7 

 lines II. diameter, with veiy thick nearly solid walls. Frequent in Texas and New Mexico- 

 \\ aliiut Grove, Arizona, Palmer. ' 



Order XCV. CUPULIFERiE. 



]^[onn^cious trees or shrubs, with alternate simple i)innately veined leaves, cadu- 

 cous stipules, staminate flowers naked or bracteate, in cylindrical or globose aments, 

 with a lobed or cleft perianth, and the pistillate sessile in a cup-like involucre 

 (1 -5-flowered) covered with bractlikc or spinescent appen<Iages, with G-Iobed peri- 

 anth adherent to the 2-G-ceIled and 4- 12-ovuled ovary, which becomes a 1-celIed 

 1-seeded nut seated in or covered by tlio enlarged involucre. .Stamens 4 to 20, 

 with distinct filaments ami 2-celled antliers. Styles 2 to G. Ovules erect or pen- 

 dulous, anatropous, usually all but 1 abortive though persistent. Seed without 

 ali)uineii ; testa double. Embryo straight, with small superior radicle, and fleshy 

 cotyledons. 



A most important order, though including but four genera, extensivelv distributed espcciallv 

 throu-h northern temiM-rato regions. The ('hestunt (Cas/ci>,ra) and l5eecli"(/'>'7".^) occur in North 

 America oiily in the Atlantic States; the former also represented in the Old World by a siii^de 

 species, am the lattor by a few .scattered species in Europe, Japan, South America, New Zealand 

 and Australia. 



1. Quercus. Involucre 1-flowered, scaly and entire, becoming a cup. 



2. Castanopsis, Involucre 1 - 3-llowered, becoming a hard prickly bur. 



1. QUERCUS, Linn. Oak. (My Dr. Of.ouok En.-.ki.maxn.) 

 Staminate flowers in slender aments; bi-acts mostly caducous : raly.x 4-8-parted 

 or -lobed : stamens 3 to 10 ; anthers 2-celled. Pistillate flowers single or in clusters 

 or sometimes in spikes, consisting of an incompletely 3-celled G-ovuled ovary, bear- 

 ing three styles or sessile stigmas, and enclosed by a .scaly bud like involucre which 

 enlarges into an indurated cup {ciijmlc) arouml the ba.se of the single rounded or 

 elongated 1-seeded nut or acorn, the 5 undeveloped ovules remaining as rudiments 

 at the base or top of the i)erfect seed. Cotyledons continuing underground in germi- 

 nation; radicle very short and included. — Flowers greenish, develojiing with the 



