Quaxui;. CUPULIFEU/E. 95 



* Abortive ovules at the Jxisc or rarclij (it the side (iii n. 8) of the seed : stamens 

 5 to 10 (xsHulli/ G (0 S) : stir/mas sessi/e or subsessile. Bark usually liylit- 

 colored : wood dense and durable. — White Oaks. 



-{- Acorns inaturinrj in the first season, (jlabrous within. 

 ++ Leaves deciduous. 



1. Q. lobata, Nee. A largo stately tree, \vitli glahrous slendor often pendent 

 luanelies : leaves pubescent lu'neatli, oblong t»r obovate, deeply lobed or pinnatilid, 

 usually 2\ to 3 or rarely 4 in(dies long, on short petioles (2 to ('» lines long) ; lobes 

 obtuse, retuse, or sometimes lobe-dentate : calyx with G or 8 triangular-lanceolate 

 pubescent and ciliate lobes, bearing as many orbicular anthers : acorns subsessile ; 

 nut elongated-conical (\.\ to 2] inches long), usually pointed; cup dee[)ly hemi- 

 spherical, almost always strongly tuberculated. — Ann. Cienc. Nat. iii. 278 ; A. D('. 

 Prodr. xvi2. 2\; Terr. Dot. AVi'lkes Exped. t. 15; Engelm. 1. c. 388. Q. Ilindsii, 

 I'.enth. Bob. Sulph. 55 ; Newlicrry, Pacif. P. Rep. vi. 29, t. 1 and lig. 7. Q. Han- 

 som i, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. i. 25? 



Common throughout tlie State, on the phuns nnd in the foothills, or in the southern part of the 

 State somewhat higher in the mountains. A majcstie tree, sometimes 15 or 21) feet in girth, 100 

 feet high, and with a wider spread of hranehes (Ihrirrt), which often hang down to the ground : 

 bark gray and in old trees often 4 or 5 iuehes thick: winter-buds oval, only about 2 lines long, 

 pubescent on the edges of the bright brown scales : young leaves canescent on both sides. The 

 wood is said to he brittle. "Ivoiile" of the iMe.xicans. 



2. Q. Garryana, D(nigl. A large tree, with thicker more rigid tomentose or 

 pubescent bran(ddets and coarser foliage : leaves 4 to G inches long by 2 to 5 inches 

 ■wide, on petioles \ to 1 inch long, coarsely h^bed-pinnatilid ; lol)es broad, obtuse or 

 sometimes acutish, entire or again notched or lobed, dull-green above, beneath 

 strongly reticulateil, pale or yellowish, and somewhat inil)e.scent : calyx-lobes 7 or 8, 

 linear-lanceolate, ciliate : anthers G or 8 : acorns sessile or shortly j)etluncled ; nut 

 oval, often ventricoso, obtu.se, \\ to H inches long; cups small and very shallow, 

 with small lanceolate slightly pubescent scales, or sometimes thicker with inllated 

 .scales. — Hook. Fl. Por.-Am. ii. 159; Nutt. Sylva, i. 1, t. 1. Q. Xeod, Licbm. 

 Dansk. Vidensk. 8elsk. Forhandl. 1854, 173. 



A conunon oak of the lower country and in the valleys north of San Fi-ancisco Ray, extending 

 into Oregon and to Ihitish f'olund)ia, wliere it is the only species. It is a largi- tree, often 10 or 

 12 feet in circumference and (iO or 70 feet high [Brnrrr, or even 100 feet high according to Xitl- 

 tall), with hard but, it is said, brittle wood : bark thinner than in the last, only 1 or l.V inches 

 thick even in large trees. This species has often been confounded with the last and with the fol- 

 lowing species, but the thick strongly reticulated leaves, and especially the large lanceolate 

 and densely tomentose winter-buds (4 or 5 lines in length), •tc characteristic and readily dis- 

 tinguish it. 



3. Q. Douglasii, Hook. & Arn. A rather large tree, with pubescent branchlets: 

 leaves smaller (usually only an inch or two Imig), ol)long, sinuate or with shallow 

 lobes or sometimes almost entire, on short petioles (3 lines long), bluish-green and 

 at last glabrate above, pubescent beneath : acorn sessile or on a short peduncle ; cup 

 hemispherical, with ovate-lanceolate Hat rarely tubercled scales ; nut long-oblong 

 (^ to \\ inches long), mostly tapering and acutish. — 15ot. Pecchey, 391 ; Hook. 

 Icon. t. 382, 383; Nutt. Sylva, i. 10, t. 4. 



On ilry foothills of the Coast Ilanges, from JFonte Diablo an.l Mount Oso to Sacramento Valley, 

 but not observed in the extreme noithein or southern i>arts of the State. A line tree, but smalltT 

 than the last, and known as the Mountain White Oak or Blue Oak. It resembles a middle- 

 sized White Oak of the Eastern States (Q. nlhn) in its size, i)ale scaly bark, an.l .piality of its tim- 

 ber. The largest trees seen l>y Professor Ihewer had a circumference of 9 feet. The winter-bu.ls 

 are oval, about 2 lines long, reddish brown and only slightly pubescent. The three j>reeeding 

 species have often been confounded and certainly vary much in the size and shape of the leaves 

 and ncorns (both nuts and cups), but they are believed to be well-di'^fingnislied species, always 

 recognL;!al)le by the characters above enumcrateil. 



