98 ClIPULIFElLi!:. Qiiercus. 



tliicker and more spiny. It is closely allioil to Q. chnjsolcpis, but distinguished !)y tlie shape of 

 the anthers and cui>, by the basal ovules, and by liiu douse coating on the inside of the siiell, 

 which it has in conmion with the Black Oaks. 



* * Abortloe ondcs borne at the (op of the seed: ant/iers nsudU if larger and 

 fetcer (4 or 5) except in n. 11: stujmas on long spreading or recurved 

 stgies: nut sillcg-toiuentose witlcin. Ihirlc dark or black: wood generally 

 more porous and perishable : lobes and teeth of the leaves setaceouslg mu- 

 cronate. — IjL.vck Uaks. 



-»- Acorns maturing the first season : leaves subpersistent. 



11. Q. agrifolia, Nee, 1. c. 271. A .stately tree of tlie largCbt dimensions, some- 

 times slinibb}', with very thick gray or leatlier-colored smootliish bark (becoming 

 cracked only in the oldest trees), and with brittle wootl : young growth with a slight 

 soon deciduous stellate pubescence : leaves oval to orbicular or oblong, about 2 or 

 rarely 3 inches long, usually obtuse or conlate at base, siiuiately spiuose-dentate or 

 rarely entire, on downy i)etioles 3 or 4 lines long, mostly conve.v above, pale-green 

 without lustre and only slightly reticulate, jiale and smooth beneath : aments at la^t 

 glabrate : calyx-lobes 5 or G, ovate, nearly glabrous : anthers about G, .sometimes 8 

 or 10, obtuse or cus[)idate : acorns subsessile or sessile, solitary or sometimes clus- 

 tered ; cup turbinate, 3 to 5 lines wide and about as deep, with imbricated lanceo- 

 late brown sliglitly pubescent scales; nut elongated, tapering, 1 to 1 ^ inches long 

 by 3 or 4 lines thick, — xsutt. Sylva, i. 5, t. 2. Q. vxyadtnia, Torr. in Sitgr. 

 liep. 172, t. 17. 



Var. frutescens. Shrubby, 3 to 5 feet high, with smaller leaves, often oidy an 

 inch long : acori.s j to 1 inch in length, often crowded. 



Conunon in the niniitinie jiortions of Cnlifomia, piinciimlly south of San Francisco Ray, rare 

 as far noitli as Mendocino County. A most jiictuiesiiue oak, with a stout low tiunk oltcn 8 to 12 

 feet, sometimes 16 to 21 feet, in circundVrence (base ol ^b)unt Dialilo, Urcver), and with a spread 

 of branches of 120 feet. It is the " En( ino" of liie Mexicans. The shrubby vaiicty grows wiili 

 it, especially soutliwanl, but also on the Oaklaml Hills and near Mendocino, Bolandcr. Tliis 

 tree behaves curiously in many respects. Tliough jiropeiiy an cveigieen, it loses its leaves grad- 

 ually during tiie winter and in some specinuiis entiivly before tlie spiing slioots appear, wliile 

 others in the same neighborhood retain them several weeks or sometimes months longer. Dr. 

 Bolander has observed that the trees that (lower abundantly lose the old leaves caiiier, while tho 

 reallv eveigieen trees are apt not to (lower at ail. The aments often spring from the a.xils of 

 young leaves. Sometimes, especially wliere the (irst growth has been injured by locusts, fresh 

 sprouts l)earing (lowers are formed later in the summer, and their young (Vuit is apt to persist 

 through winter and even to cidaige somewhat in the (ollowing spring, Ijut it never matures. 

 Such aitergrowth may easily be ndstaken for a biennial maturation (E. IliUjurd). 



-J- -1- Acorns maturing in the second season. 



++ Leaves persistent. 



1 2. Q. Wislizeni, A. DC. One of our largest oaks, but sometimes a low .shrub : 

 bark black and nni-h : leaves coriaceous, smooth, stnmgly reticulated on the upper 

 surface, dark green and shining, 1 to 3 or rarely 4 inches long by i to 2 inches wide 

 varying exceedingly in shajie, from imrrowly laaioeolate to broadly oval, mostly oblong- 

 lanoeojate, truncate or subcordato or the narrower ones often acute at base, entire or 

 serrulate or .serrate, or often sinuate-denlab! or -lobed ami even with the lobes den- 

 tate ; i)t!tioles 2 to I lines long, at lirst pubescent : am(!iits pubescent, like the young 

 leaves, with .s.h.u deciduous" .st.'llal(! hairs: calyx-lobes f), broadly oval, glabrous, 

 ciliate: anthers 3 to G (ii.sually 4 or T)), slightly apieulate : styles very slender, recurved, 

 often more than 3 : acorns sessile or peduiicled or evt-n spicate ; cup turbinate, very 

 deep or even tu]julai(.V to 1 inch deep), covered with l)rown lancecjlate siibpubescent 

 imbricate scales; nut' sleudiir, tajrering, f to U inches long. — Prodr. xvi^. G7, 

 where the s])ecies is erroneously assiqned to Northern Mexico : Engelm. 1. c. 396. 



Calif. Acad. ii. 36 ] 



