Libocdnis. CONIFERS, 115 



2 to 4 to eacli scale, wing -margined, 2 lines long. — DC. Prodr. xvil 4G4. Cnpres- 

 siis Lawsoniana, Murr. Edinb. New I'hil. Jouin. i. 2!)2, t. 9 ; Hook. f. 15ot. Mag. t. 

 5581. Ciipressus Nulkanus, Torr. liot. Wilkes, t. 1(3. CiipressHS fnujrans, Kel- 

 logg, Proc. Calif. Acad. i. 103. Cupressas attemiata, Gordon, Pinet. 57. 



A handsome tree, in moist grounds, in the Sliasta Mountiiins and northward in the Coast 

 Ranges of Oregon, veiy valuable tor its timber and admired in cultivation. The wood is white 

 and veiy fragrant, fine and close-grained, free of knots and easily worked, elastic and very dura- 

 ble. It is known as "Oregon " or " White Cedar," and also as "Ginger Pine." It is extensively 

 cultivated for ornament, and numerous garden varieties Iiavo been produced. 



C. NtlTKAF.N'sis, Si)ach, a more northern species of the const from the Columbia IJivcr to 

 Alaska, probably does not reach California, it is distinguished by its less slender habit and less 

 flattened branchlets, with larger more acute leaves, obscurely glandular ; cones somewhat larger, 

 of 4 or G more conve.x scales (tiiicker and greener) with very i)rominent central ' 



4. THUYA, Tourii. ARBOu-ViXiE. 



Flowers monoecious. Amcnts terminal, of few scales decussately imbricated in 

 pairs. Stamiuato flowers numerous, very small, with 3 or 4 anthers under each of the 4 

 or G .stdjpeltate broadly ovate pointed scales; polleu-graiiis simple. Fertile aments ter- 

 minating stouter branchlets, of 8 to 12 erect scales, with a pair of collateral erect 

 ovules at the base of each : cone soon strongly rellexed, maturing the first season, 

 small, ovate and cinnamon-colored ; the thin-coriaceous scales ovate, slightly mucro- 

 nate at the ape.x, the lowest and uppermost pairs sterile. Seeds lanceolate and 

 somewhat compressed, made suborbicular by nearly equal lateral wings. Cotyledons 

 2. — Evergreen trees, with thin fibrous bark, scattered branches and distichous foli- 

 age ; leaves opposite, adnate and imbricate in 4 rows, oblong, with free acute tips, 

 somewhat dimorphous. 



Only three species are known, closely similar to each other, of which one belongs to the Atlan- 

 tic States and one to Japan. 



1. T. gigantea, Nutt. A tall graceful tree (often 100 to 250 feet higli or more, 

 and 3 to 12 feet in diameter), narrowly pyramidal, with spreading and somewhat 

 drooping branches : foliage light green au(l shining ; leaves acuminate and subpun- 

 gent, very obscurely glandular : male flowers a line long : cones somewhat clustered 

 near the ends of the branches, a half-inch long, the scales with a thin acute usually 

 appressed mucro : seeds a little shorter than tlie wings, which are 3 lines long, dis- 

 tinct, and slightly unocpial. — Journ. Philad. Acad. vii. 52, and >Sylva, iii. 102, t. 

 Ill ; Newberry, 'Pacif K. Pep. vi. 50, fig. 22; Parlatore, DC. 'Prodr. xvil 457. 

 T. plicafa, Donn ; Parlat. 1. c. 2\ Menziesii, Dougl. ; Carr. Conif. lOG. 



A fine tree, frec[uent in the Coast Ranges and Cascade Mountains of Oregon, but rather mre in 

 California. It is said to range from San Diego County to Sitka. It lias much resemblance to the 

 Liboccdrus, except in fruit, and may readily be conlbunded witli it. The eastern species, T. occi- 

 denfah's, is smaller and much less graceful, and has more conspicuously glandular leaves niul 

 smaller cones with scarcely mucroiiate scales. The wood is soft, fine-grained, light-colored, easily 

 split and very durable. 



5. LIBOCEDRUS, Endl. White Cedar of California. 



Staminate flowers with 12 or more filament-scales. Cones not reflexed, of 4 or 6 



erect subverticillate and somewhat valvate thick-coriaceous scales, the lower pair 



smaller and sterile, the third pair (when present) also sterile and connate. Seeds 



very unequally winged. Otherwise as Thuya. 



Only four species are recognized, of which two arc natives of South America from Chili to Cai>e 

 Horn, and one is found in New Zealand. Our species differs so far from the others as to have 



