220 CONIFER.'E. Pseiulotsufja. 



1. p. Douglasii, Carr. 1. c A gij^nnitic tree (200 to over 300 feet higli and 8 to 

 15 feet in diameter), with very thick brown deeply lissured bark : leaves linear, dis- 

 tinctly petioled, mostly obtuse or obtusish, 8 to 12 lines \o\v^ or on robust shoots 

 even ll> lines long, Ly f line wide: male tiowers oblong-cylindrical, 5 to 10 lines 

 lonf^, half enclosed in large loose orbicular involucral scales : cones 2 to 3 or rarely 4 

 inches long, subcylindrical ; bracts more or less exsert and spreading or retlexed : 

 seeds trian<'ular, on the upper side convex and redilish brown, on the lower flat and 

 white, 3 lines long ; wings 3 to 4^ lines long, broadest at base, acutish : cotyledons 

 (5 to 8. — Engelm. in Wheeler's Kep. vi. 257. Fimis fJoiif/lasii, Sabine; Hook. 

 Fl. Bor.-Am. n. I(i2, t. 183; Parlat. in DC. Prodr. xvi-. 430. ALies J)oii[/lasii, 

 Lindl. ; Nutt. Sylva, iii. 129, t. 115 ; Newberry, I'acif. K. Pep. vi. 54, t. 8. Tsi((/a 

 Douglasii, Carr. 



Var. macrocarpa. A smaller tree, 40 to 50 or rarely 80 feet higli, U to 2 or 

 3 feet thick, with long spreading branclies, ami narrower often acutish leaves : male 

 llowers nearly an inch long : cones 5 to 7 inches long, 2 inches thick ; scales largo 

 in proportion; bracts not as long as in the typical form : seeds and wing both 5 

 lines lon<' : cotyledons 9 to 12. — Abies Douglasii, var. viacrocarjxt, Torr. in Ives' 

 Rep. 28. A. viacrocarpa, Vasey in Card. ISIonthly, Jan. 187G. 



Throughout the Coast K;uiges and in the Siena .Nevada up to 6,000 or 8,000 feet, and also 

 northwa°d near the coast, attaining its largest inoportions in Oregon, and extending in a smaller 

 foini to the Roeky Mountains. A beautilul tree, readily distinguished by its fringed cones, or 

 else by the flat always petioled leaves. The variety occurs in the canons of the footliills of the 

 San Bernardino Mountains, and in the San Felipe C'ahou. at an elevation of 3,000 to 5,000 feet, 

 with oaks and below most of the coniferous trees. It looks very distinct, but with the exception 

 of the proportions of the cones and seeds no reliable specific charactei-s can be discovered. Tran- 

 sitiou forms between the two have not yet been fouiul. 



9. TSUGA, Carriere. HuMLOCK Si'Ui'CE. 



INIale llowers a subglobose cluster of stamens, from the axils »)f last year's leaves, 

 the long stipe surrounded by numerous bud-scales ; commissure of the anthers ter- 

 minating in a sliort spur or knob ; cells opening transversely by a continuous slit. 

 Female araents terminal on last year's branchlets ; bract somewhat sliorter tlian the 

 scale. Cones matin-ing in the first year, pendulous ; scales and short enclosed bracts 

 persistent on the axis. Seeds with resin-vesicles on the surface ; wing at last break- 

 ing off. Cotyledons 3 to 5 or G. — Large trees, with slender often drooping terminal 

 branchlets ; leaves Hat or angled, appearing 2-ranked, with a single dorsal resin- 

 duct, conspicuously petioled, articulated on a prominent and at lengtli ligneous ami 

 persistent base. — Conif. 185. Piuus, Linn., in part. Piuus, sect. Tsuga, Endl. ; 

 Parlat. Abies, Miclix., in part. 



Of the 5 species of this genus, two belong to eastern Asia, one to eastern and two to western 

 North America. Four of these species arc so closely allied that they can be distinguished only 

 with difficulty. The single species of our second section has somewhat aberrant characters. 



* Leaves flat, obtuse, sfomatose only beneath : pollen-grains discoidal : rones small, 

 an inch long or less. — Eutsuoa. 

 1. T. Mertensiana, Carr. A very largo tree (100 to 200 feet high), with 

 rather thick red bmwn l)ark ; ultimate branchlets very slender, roughish, and wdien 

 young long-hairy : leaves linear, 4 to 9 lines long and about f line wide, abruptly 

 petioled, entire or usually minutely spinulose-serrate toward the rounded tip, shining 

 above, when young with two white bands beneath : male flowers 2 or 2^ lines in 

 diameter, shorter than the stipe : cones oblong-cylindrical, pointed, slightly pubes- 

 cent ; bracts truncate ; scales longer than wide : seeds 1 to U lines long, the wing 

 twice as long or more, scarcely wicleneil toward the base : cotyledons 3, sometimes 4. 



