Picea. CONIFERyE. 121 



— Conif. 2 cd. 250. Pimis Mertensimia, Dong. Veg. Sitch. 45; Parlat. Abies 

 jVertnisiana, Liudl. & Gord. A. Albcrtiana, j\luir. A. Br'uhjei, Kell. Proc. Calif. 

 Acad. ii. 8. 



Peculiar to the Paoilic Coast region, from Marin County {0. R. Vasry) and especially Mendo- 

 cino (Bo/andrr, Kcllo(j<j) to Alaska. Closely allied to the northeastern T. (Janadcnsis, but a 

 larger tree, with finer and straigliter grained wood and redder bark, principally distinguished by 

 the more elongated scales of the cone and the proportionately much longer and straigliter win^s 

 of the seeds ; in tho eastern species the scales are almost as wide as they are long and the seeds 

 larger, but the wings, very broad at base and almost triangular, are only \ or i\ longer than the 

 seed. Another character taken fnnn the leaf-structure, tlu; jiresence of hyjioiierm cells on the 

 edges, midrib and keel of the leaf, is not reliable, as these cells arc occasionally found in leaves of 

 T. Canadensis, though usually absent. 



* * Leaves viosthj convex or keeled above, acutish, stomatose both sides: -pollen- 

 grains bilobed: cones laryer. — IIesperopeuce. 



2. T. Pattoniana. A tall strictly pyramidal tree (100 to 150 feet high and 2 

 to rarely 4 feet through, in high altitudes only a shrub), of graceful habit, M'itli 

 slender pubescent branchlets and light green foliage : bark thick, much cracked and 

 apt to scale off, reddish gray : leaves G to 12 lines long, angular, acutish, attenuate 

 at ba.se, often curved : male flowers about 2 lines wide, on a very slender stipe : cones 

 cylindrical oblong, 2 or 3 inches long : seeds 2^ lines in length, tlie M'ing not twice 

 as long (about 4 lines), obliijuely obovate, widest above. — Abies Pattonii or Pat- 

 ioniana, JellVey. A. Ilookeriana, Murray. A. Williamsonii, Newberry, Pacif. K. 

 Pep. vi. 53, t. 7. Pinus Pattoniana, Parlat. 



In the highest timber regions of the Sierra Nevada, at 8,000 to 10,000 feet altitude, from 

 Ebbett's Pass at the head of the .San Joaquin lUver northward, ami through the Cascade Moun- 

 tains, near Crescent City descending to near the coast (Lrcwcr). At the tinibcr-liiie its jiropor- 

 tions are much stinted. Though dili'ering in the shape of the leaves, the disposition of the sto- 

 niata, and especially in the form of the pollen-grains, which resemble those of the true ])ines, yet 

 I cannot sejiaiate this species from Tsiujn, with which the single resin-duct of the leaves, the 

 form of the male (lowers, and the glands of the seed unite it. 



10. PICEA, Link. Spruce. 



Male flowers axillary or sometimes terminal on last year's branchlets, with an 

 oblong or cylindrical stamineal column, its short stipe surrounded by numerous bud- 

 scales ; tho commissure of the anthers expanding into a broad nearly circular erect 

 crest ; cells opening longitudinally : pollen-grains as in Abies^ (.045 to .OGO line long). 

 Female aments at the end of short or longer branchlets, the scales much larger than 

 the bracts. Cones maturing in the first year, pendulous : scales and enclosed bracts 

 persistent on the axis. Seeds without resin-vesicles, imbedded in the membrana- 

 ceous base of the wing, which leaves their under side nearly free and permits them to 

 drop o\it. Cotyledons 4 to 8. — Stately trees of j>yrajnidal form and slower growth, 

 with white .soft close tough highly valued timber; leaves keeled above and beneath, 

 more or less (juadrangular or (in our spec-ies) flattened, articidated on a prominent 

 at last ligneous and per.sistent rhombic base, spirally arranged all around the branch- 

 lets or (by a twist of tho base) somewhat 2-ranked, tho stomata usually more on the 

 upper than on the lower surface, or, on the flat leaves, often only on the upper side 

 (which is then apt to be turned downward) ; resin-ducts irregular, 1 or 2 lateral 

 ones close to the epidermis of the lower side or none. — Abies, Tourn., in part ; DC, 

 in part ; Pinus, Linn., in part. Pinus, sect. Ficea, Endl. ; Parlat. Abies, Don. 



An important genus of about a do7.en species, peculiar to mountainous and northern regions, of 

 which 2 belong to Europe, 5 to Asia, and 5 to America ; of the latter 2 arc northeastern and 3 

 are western sjiecies. 



