122 CONIFER.E. Picea. 



1. P. SitchensiS, Can-. A tall strictly pyramidal tree (150 to 200 feet high 

 and 6 to y feet in diameter), \vitli thin scaly red-brown bark ; branchlets thick and 

 rigid, rough witli the very prominent persistent leaf-bases, glabrous : leaves 5 to 8 

 lines long and a line wide or less, flattened, short-pointed (rarely obtuse or very 

 acute), stomatose (and the young leaves white) only on the upi)er surface or very 

 slightly so on the lower : cones cylintlrical-oval, 1^ to 2.^ or rarely 3 inches long, an 

 inch thick or less, pale yellowish, the conspicuous lanceolate rigid bracts J or ^ the 

 length of the oblong rounded denticulate scales : seeds slender, 1 1 to H lines long, 

 the wing 2^ to 3 times longer (-1 to ih lines long by 1| wide), narrowly oblong, 

 oidy slightly obli(pie : cotyleilons 4 to 6. — Conif. 200. Pinus /Sitcheiisis, Uow^. 

 Veg. Sitch. id. Abies, Lindl. & (Jord. Pinus Mtnzicsii, Dougl. ; Lamb. Pin. 2 ed. 

 t. 89. Abies Menziesii, Lindl. in Penny Cyc. i. 32; Loud. Arbor, iv. 2321, lig. ; 

 ^^itt. Sylva, t. IIG; :Newberry, Pacif. li. Kep. vi. 50, t. U. 



Peculiar to the noitliern rucilic coast, mostly iu wet sandy soil and near tie nioutlis of streams, 

 from Mendocino and Crescent City noithwaid to Alaska ; liow far inland or how liigh above the 

 ocean it may be A)und is at present unknown. This is ^nobably tiie tallest spruce known, an 

 excellent timbei-tree, probably the best in Oregon, but too rare in California to be of much im- 

 portance tliere. Tlie older specific name, Silchcnsis, nmst be substituted for the more generally 

 used Menziesii, which represents absolutely the same species. The IJocky Mountain S})ruce, 

 which has heretofore been known under the same name of il/tHJie«'i, is P. yuiigcHS, Engelm., with 

 more pungent ami less flattened leaves, longer cylindrical cones, undulate retuse scales, and 

 minute bracts, and with larger broadly winged seeds. — In Strawberry Valley and other valleys 

 and slopes about Mount Shasta, at an elevation of 3,500 to 4,000 feet, a y)eculiar sjiruce occurs of 

 which at present we know nothing but that its lower branches are very long, slender and pendu- 

 lous, and the leaves much narrower than those of P. Sikhcnsis, 7 to lines long and two thirds 

 of a line wide, quite obtuse, strongly keeleil ami stomatose on the upper side and without sto- 

 mata beneath ; cones unknown. The name of Picca jjaidnla suggests itself for this form, if in- 

 deed it should not prove to be a mountain variety of )■". Sitclicusis. 



11. PINUS, Tourn. ; Link. Pine. 



Staminate flowers an oblong or cylindrical often mucli elongated stamineal column 

 surrounded by a somewhat definite number (3 to 18) of caly.\-like bud-scales, the 

 outer ones lateral and strongly keeled, from the axils of scales and crowded into a 

 capitate or spicate inllorescence around the base of the same spring's shoots : anther- 

 cells opening longitudinally, the connective terminating in a mere knob or short 

 dentate or usually larger semicircular erect crest : pollen-grains bilobed with 2 air- 

 sacs, smaller than in Abies and Picea (.02 to .03 line long). Female aments also 

 in the axils of bud-scales, higher up on the growing axis, either next to the ter- 

 minal bud (subterminal) or on the side with leaves and sometimes other aments 

 above them (lateral), solitary or several together ; scales much larger than the bracts. 

 Cones maturing in the second year, spreading or reflexed (very rarely erect), and 

 subterminal (so called even in case of the elongation of the axis in the second year) 

 or lateral ; bracts thickened and corky and assisting in the formation of cells for the 

 seeds under them ; scales more or less thickened and corky, upon the free exposed 

 surface {apophysis) bearing a terminal or dorsal unarmed or prickly protuberance 

 {umbo). Seeds without resin-vesicles, usually surrounded by the rim-like base of 

 the (.sometimes veiy short) wing, which often spreads partly over the outer side of the 

 seed. Cotyledons normally 5 to 15. — Trees of very various size and aspect, usually 

 not as large as in the preceding genera, nor often of the same pyramidal growth ; wood 

 soft or hard, often very resinous, of surpassing importance for man's uses : primary 

 leaves (only on seedlings and young shoots) flat, subulate and serrulate, the secondary 

 in bundles of 1 to 5, from the axils of bud-scales and surrounded at base by a more 



