224 CONIFER.E. Pinus. 



* * Wings of the large seeds narrow : leaves entire or nearly so : cones subses- 



sile, sj)7'eadlng or declined. 



3. P. flexilis, James. A tree about GO feet liigh and 3 to 5 feet thick, with 

 furrowed gray Itark: leaves IJ to 2 iuelies loiij;, rarely luore, with few rows of sto- 

 mata on the sides and usually "very few on the back : male flowers in a short spike, 

 oval, 6 or 7 lines lonj,', with 8 or*9 involucral scales; anthers tipped by a spur or 

 sometimes an incomplete crest : cones oval to snbcylindric, 3 to 5 inches long, light 

 brown, with somewhat squarrose scales : seeds oval, compressed, 4 to 6 lines long, 

 the inconspicuous wing less than a line wide, usually remaining attached to tho 

 scale: cotyledons 6 to 9. — Long's Exp. ii. 27 and 35; Nutt. 1. c, t. 112 (very 

 poor) ; Engelm. Trans. Acad. St. Louis, ii. 208, and Wheeler's IJep. vi. 257 ; Tarlat. 

 1. c. 403. 



Var. albicaulis. A tree of 40 or 50 feet in height, on the highest elevations 

 low and shrubl^y, with very pale bark : cones oval or sul)globose, U to 3 inches long 

 and U to 2:1 thick, i)urple-brown ; scales much thicker and somewhat pointed. — 

 P. albicaidis, Engelm. 1. c. 209. P. cembroides, Newberry, 1. c. 44, iig. 15. P. 

 Shasta, Carr. Conif. 2 ed. 390. 



The species has been found in Cahfovnia only on INfount Silliman (Brewer) with the variety, 

 and on the Inyo Llountains {Huffman), and thence eastward on the mountains of Nevada and 

 Arizona to tlie Rocky Mountains, wliere it is coninion from New Mexico to Montana. The 

 variety occurs on all the aljiine peaks of the Sierra Nevada from Mono Pass to Mount Shasta and 

 Scott Mountains, and northward to British Columhia. and also in Montana. More closely re- 

 sembling P. Ccmbra of the Old World than our White i'ines, but distinguished by the ieaf- 

 strncture, which in P. Ccmhra shows parenchymatous ducts in the serrulate leaves. The 

 peripheral ducts in our species are destitute of strengthening cells. P. alhicaulis is probably 

 onli' an alpine form, occupying a higher belt on the mountains, and marked by its short thick 

 and thick-scaled cones. Tlie large seeds are used for food by the Indians. 



§ 2. Apophysis with a mncronate or {very rarely) blunt protuberance on the back : 

 anthers terminating in a semi-orbicular or almost orbicular crest, exccjtt in 

 the first three species. — Pinastku. 



* Resin-ducts ^)er//j7iemZ.- leaves with entire margins and loose deciduous 



slicatlis. 



-H- Leaves 1 to 5: cones ovate-subglobose, with few very protuberant scales : seeds 

 large, almost xvingless. 



4. P. monophylla, Torr. & Frem. A small tree, 20 or 25 feet high, with 

 irregularly spreading branches and pale fissured or flaky bark: leaves rigid, spiny- 

 tipped, solitary and terete or rarely in pairs and semiterete, 1^ to 2j (mostly U) 

 inches long, the sheaths 4 or 5 lines long : male flowers oval, with involucral 

 bracts; anthers terminating in a knob or a few teeth : cones U to 2i inches long 

 and nearly as thick: seeds oval, 6 to 10 lines long, thick-shelled, yellowish brown 

 and mottled: cotyledons 7 to 10. — Fremont's Kep. 319, t. 4; Parlat. 1. c. 378; 

 Engelm. Wheeler's Pep. vi. 259. P. Fremontiana, Endl. Conif. 183, in part. 



In the Coast Ranges only about Fort Tejon, and from the eastern slope of the Sierra Nevada 

 through Nevada and Arizona to S. Utah,'fre(pn'nt in the mountains and often in the most arid 

 localiHes ; well known as the "Nut Pine," and the seeds invaluable to the Indians as an article, 

 of food. It was long considered probable that the terete leaf was in reality a connate pair, but 

 the structure shows a singh; bundle of vessels and therefore a single leaf. The ducts, always 

 peripheral, vary greatly in number, from 2 or 3 to 1'2 or 14. 



5. P. Parryana, iMigelm. A .small tree, 20 or 30 feet high and 10 to 18 inches in 

 diameter, with a round top : leaves 3 to 5 (mostly 4) in the sheath, 1| to U inches 

 long : male flowers oval, with 4 involucral bracts in the axil of broadly oval acute 

 bracts: cones subglobose, 1 .V to 2 inches thick, with strongly elevated knobs: seeds 

 oval, 5 to 8 lines long, with a thin light-brown mottled shell : cotyledons 8. — 

 Amer. Jonrn. Sci. 2 ser. xxxiv. 332, note ; l»arlat. 1. c. 402. P. Llaveana, Torr. Lot. 

 Mex. Bound. 208, t. 53. 



