0O9 CYl'EKACE.E. Carcx. 



9 or 10 or more ovate spikelets closely aggregated in an cllipsuiJal or ovate head S 

 to 10 lines long and 5 or (1 thick ; scales nienil)ranous, ferruginous with green niid- 

 nerves and hyaline luargins, ovate, acute or nuicronate, striate : iierigyniuiu ovate, 

 Leaked, sharply hidentate, lissured on the outer side, niend)ranous, smooth, nerved, 

 serrate 'on the sharp margins, longer than and as broad as the scale ; nutlet chestnut- 

 colored, orbicular, proiluced at base, lenticular : style enlarged at base. — Hook. Fl. 

 Eor.-Ara. ii. 211, t. 'Jll, and 111. i. 17, t. 40. 



In the Sierra Nevada from the Yosomite Valley {Bolandcr, n. 6215, G218) to Oref;ou ; at Soda 

 Springs on the Tuolumne at 9,000 feet altitude {Bmtcr, n. 17U-2, 177-2) and in Sierra Valley 

 (Leininon) ; found also in Kaintschatka. 



'12. C. foetida, All. Eootstock stout, cree])ing : stem 3 to 18 inches high, 

 sharply angled, rough above, leafy toward the base : leaves a line or two broail, 

 spreading, tapering to a very sleiuler triangular summit : bracts scaledike, cuspidate, 

 shorter than the stem : spike dark brown, ovoid or subglobose, f) to 7 lines long and 

 4 to 6 thick, of many densely crowded si)ikelet3 : perigynium membranous, elliptical 

 or ovate, attenuate to a hidentate beak, plano-convex, stipitate, rough above on the 

 sharp margins, slenderly nerved at base, longer than tlie ovate lanceolate acute or 

 mucronate ferruginous pale-margined scale: nutlet (ddong or obovatc, lenticular, 

 tipped with the enlarged base of the style, nearly black at maturity. — Schkulir, 

 Car. lig. 00 ; Ueichenb. 1. c, t. 109. 



In the Sierra Nevada, at El.hctt's Pass near snow (Urnrcr, n. 20ti(;) an.l in the Calaveras 

 Grove {Bolandcr, n. '2304), and in the Cuiainaea iMonntams {I'almcr, n. 389) ; hi the mountains ot 

 Colorado, Utah and Wyoming, and in the Alps and I'yrenees of Europe. 



13. C. muricata, Linn., var. gracilis, Boott. Tootstock creeping, clothed with 

 imbricated sln^ngly nerved purple scales : stem very slemler, 'I to 2 feet high, 

 sharply angled, scabrous : leaves shorter than the stem, a line broad, tapering to a 

 very slender setaceous summit : bracts ovate, awned, commonly exceeding the spike- 

 lets, the lowest setaceous and often an inch or two long : spike chestnut-colored, 

 f to U inches long, oblong or cylindrical, of from 4 to 10 ovate crowded or ai^proxi- 

 mate spikelets ; male ilowcrs fJw ; scales ovate or lanceolate, very acute or muciu- 

 iiate, chestnut-coh)red with green midnerve and hyaline margins : i)erigynium oval, 

 acute at base, rather abruptly acuminate to a sharply hidentate beak, convex on the 

 outer side, serrate above on the sharp incurved margins, nerved or nerveless, shorter 

 than the scale : nutlet oval or obovate, slightly narrowed to the base, lenticular. 

 — 111. iv. 193. C. Jlookeriana, Dewey, 1. c. xxix. 248 ; Loott in Hook. 1. c, t. 212. 

 Near the coast, from about San Francisco Hay (Bi(jchir, Bolandcr) to Mendocino County (Fort 

 Bra"<' Bolandcr n. 47(5;".) ; also in the Kocky Mountains from British America to New ilexico, 

 UtaTr'tml Northern Nevada. The typical form is found in tiie northern Atlantic States, as well 

 us in the liocky Mountains, Northcrii Nevada and Orcgmi, and is also European. 



14. C. glomerata, Thunb. Kootstock creeping: stem 10 to 30 inches high, 

 firm, slightly scabrous above : leaves 1 to 2i lines broad, shorter than the stem : 

 bracts setaceous, exceeding the spikelets, the"lowest sometimes exceeding the stem : 

 spike ferruginous, to 20 lines long and 3 to 8 thick, ovate, ohlong, or cyhndiical, 

 of immerous small roundish crowded spikelets or clusters of spikelets, the lower 

 often distinct ; scales ovate, acute, cuspidate : ])erigynium divergent, membranous, 

 ovate, rostrate and hidentate, plano-convex, nerved, serrate above on the somewhat 

 winged margins, longer and broader than the scale : nutlet suborbictilar, lenticular, 

 narrowed toward the base: style bulbous at base. — lioott, 111. ii. 81, t. 222. G. 

 Browiniartii, Kunth; Gay, Y\. Chih vi. 208, t. 73, lig. 10; I5oott, 111. iv. 124, 

 t. 401 - 403. 



From about San Francisco Bay {Biiiclow, Bolandcr) to ^^Icmlocino City (Bolandcr) and at Maii- 

 posa (Thurbcr) ; also in Mexico, Chili, ami at the Cajie of Good Hope. 



15. C. paniculata, Linn. Densely cespitose : stein 3 to 5 feet high, sharply 

 angled with Hat sides, very scabrous : leaves 3 or 4 lines broad, tlat, serrate-scabrous 



