Varc.r. CYPERACE.E. 243 



f'c\v-(lo\voro(l, tlio upper contiguous, the lower remote and tlic lo\ve.>;t soiuotimes on a 

 subradical peduucle 2 inches long, rarely compound at Uase ; scales purple or cliest- 

 nut-colored, pale in the middle, broadly oval, the male mostly obtuse, the female 

 ol)tuse or tipped with a bfoad rough awn, clasping the base of the i)erigyniuiu, more 

 or less 3-nerved : perigynium pale, broadly oval, nerved, the reddish orifice entire, 

 shorter or longer than the scale ; a rough whitish racheola occasionally exserted 

 from the orihce : nutlet obovate. — 111. iv. IGO, t. 525-530. C. snbspathacea, 

 Wormsk. Fl. Dan. t. 1530; Kunze, Car. 98, t. 24. C. lanceata, Dewey, 1. c. 

 x.xix. 249, t. 10, lig. 77. G. lloppneri, Boott, Hook. Fl. P.or.-Aln. ii. 219, t. 220. 



In swninjis near MpikIocIiio City, Bolander, ii. 4702. Fioin GrccnlaiKl and Arctic IJritish 

 America to New England, and on the western coast to Nortlicrn California ; also in Scandinavia. 

 (-'. stihapnthacca is uescrihcd as liaviiig evaginate liracts and oidy 2 or 3 icniale spikelets. Dr. 

 ]5oott, however, in 111. Car. t. 530, figures a specimen with a long sheath, and the greater iium- 

 lier of the female sjjikelets in these specimens does not adord sufficient reason for separating them 

 from C. salvia, var. minor, with which they agree in other respects, even in the occasional pres- 

 ence of the racheola noticed by Bocckclcr. 



48. C. Sitchensis, Proscott. Stem 1 to 4^ feet high, stout, shar[)ly angled, 

 scabrous, nianydeaved at base ; hjwer sheaths fibrous-reticulate : leaves 3 or 4 lines 

 broad, rigid, tlio caulinc shorter, the radical longer than the stem : bracts without 

 sheaths, foliaccous, the lower far exceeding the stem ; auricles ])urple, clasping : 

 spikes dark purple, cylindrical, the male 1 to 4, sessile, Ii to 3 inches long and 2 or 

 3 lines thick, the 3 to 5 female sessile or more or less peduncled, 1 to 4 inches long 

 and 3 to 5 lines thick, the upper rarely all male at top, contiguous or remote, the 

 lower nodding and loosely flowered and rarely compound at ba.se; peduncles 2 to 12 

 inches long; scales jjiirple, the niale oblong, ol)tuse, the female ovate or lanceolate, 

 acuminate or awned, rarely obtuse : perigynium purple, somewhat shining at ma- 

 turity, orbicular-obovate, turgidly biconvex, abruptly short-beaked v.'ith an entire 

 orifice, stipitate, coriaceous, nerveless, smooth or sparingly toothed on the obtuse 

 upper margins, spreading, narrower (at base) and shorter than the scale : nutlet dark 

 olive-colored, oblong, lenticular, indented on the sides. — Bong. Veg. Sitch. 168; 

 ]5oott. Hook. Fl. ]]or.-Am. ii. 220, t. 221, and 111. iv. 195, t. 518, 519. 



In s.a\i mar.shes, about San Francisco Bay {llohtntlir), and northward along the coast to Sitka. 

 Dr. Boott notices the occasional presence of a wliitisli racheola in this species as in the last, and 

 there is oftPii an abortive purple scale at the summit of tlie perigynium. Boeckeler (in Liniifea, 

 xl. 419) refers C. Sitchnisia to C. acuta, Liiui., as a variety, while Dr. Boott thinks it merely a 

 fuller develojied form of C. salina. 



49. C. Jamesii, Torr. Stem a foot or two high, sharply angled : leaves glau- 

 cous, firm, linear-lanceolate, 2 to 4 lines iiroad, shorter than the stem : l>racts foli- 

 aceou.s, the lowest rarely short-sheathed, ecpialling or exceeding the stem ; auricles 

 oblong : spikes purple and green, cylindrical or oblong, erect, the upjier 1 to 4 male, 

 contiguous, 4 to 12 lines long and 1 to 4 thick, the ui)permost the largest and rarely 

 more or less female at top, tlie rest female or the upper sometimes male at top, 10 

 to 20 lines long and 2 or 3 thick, densely flowered, sessile or the lower peduncled, 

 the lowest sometimes attenuate at base and loosely flowered on a subradical pedun- 

 cle ^ to 3 inches long ; scales oblong or lanceolate, acute or cuspidate, purple with 

 ])ale midnerve : perigynium oval or obovate, abruptly ending in a short bidentate 

 beak with the teeth serrate, biconvex above, compressed below, smooth, strongly 

 nerved, resinously dotted, longer or shorter than the scale : nutlet orbicular. — Cyp. 

 398 ; Boott, 111. iv. 175, t. 592. C Nehrascencis, Dewey, 1. c. 2 ser. xviii. 102. 



In the mountains from Washington Territory and Northern Maho to New Mexico, Southern 

 Utah, and California ; southward u\ the Sierra Nevada to Kern Kiver, Rolhrock. Also a yaiiety, 

 with a shorter-beaked perigynium, often obscurely nerved, the orifice emargiuate or entire, and 

 the scales obtuse or tipped with a very short mucro ; in the Saiita Susanna Mountauis {Brewer, 

 n. 218), Ojai Eanch {Pcckham), and at Clark's llanch and the Yosemite Valley, Bolander. 



50. C. laciniata, Boott. Stem stout, shari)ly angled, scabrous, 2 to 3i feet 

 high : leaves 2 to 4 lines broail ; lower sheaths fibrous-reticulate : bracts without 



