246 CYPERACE.E. Carex. 



inches long, the female 2 or 3, ohlong or the lowest clavate, ^- to 1 in(;h long, the 

 uppermost contiguous to the male spikelet, the others i to 1 incli distant, sessile ; 

 scales reddish cliestnut, clasping at base, ovate or lanceolate, acute, the female 

 rougli-awned : i)erigynium (young) olive-colored, elHptical, acute at base, taj)ering to 

 a slightly scabrous biilentate beak witii spreading hispid teeth, smooth, granular, 

 obscurely nerved, longer than the scale. 



From Cahfornia ; in liurb. Olney, but locality aiul collector not stiituil. 

 ++ ++ Perigynium puhesceyit. 



57. C. Richardsoni, R. Br. Stoloniferous : stem G to 12 inches high, obtusely 

 angled, scabrous : leaves rigid, | to 1 line broad, shorter than the stem : bracts 

 sheathing, with a very short subulate scarious-margined free apex ; sheaths purple, 

 1 to 4 lines long: spikes 2 to 4, purple and green, oblong-cylindrical or clavate, 

 contiguous or subremote, the uppermost nude and peduncled, 4 to 12 lines long 

 and 1 or 2 thick, the female 4 to 9 lines long and 2 thick, on enclosed or sliglitly 

 exserted peduncles, sometimes compound ; scales membranous, purj)le, pale in the 

 middle and with l)road hyaline margins, ciliate at top, the male oblong and obtuse, 

 the female ovate or lanceolate, clasping : perigynium pale green, obovoid, nnetpudly 

 3-angled, attenuate at base, abruptly rostellate with an entire hyaline orifice, mem- 

 branous, pubescent, nerveless, shorter and narrower than the scale : nutlet con- 

 formed to the perigynium : style enlarged at base. — IJoott, Hook. Fl. Ijor.-Am. 

 t. 223, and 111. ii. 100, t. 298. 



In the Red Mountains, Mendocino County [Bolaiulcr, n. Gt78) ; eastward from Arctic Ameiica 

 to Illinois and New York. 



C. Pennsylvanica, Lam., with a range from Arctic Ameiica to the Southern States and also 

 found on the Rouky Mountains, is very likely to occur in California. Stem 6 to 1-2 inches liigh : 

 lower sheaths librous-reticulate : biacts without sheaths, scale-like, tlic lowest raivly subulate and 

 equalling the stem : .spikes 2 to 4, green and purple, the male sometimes female at top, the ujjper 

 female contiguous, the lowest sometimes subiadieal and long-peduncled : perigynium globose, 

 abruptly conically Iniaked, with an obliquely cut entire or bidentate orifice, produced at base, 

 nerveless, about equalling the ovate acute or cuspidate purple scale : nutlet globose, taiieiing to 

 the base : style enlarged at base. 



C. Kossii, Boott, of Oregon, may reach Cahfornia. Stem capillary, 6 to 9 inches high, sca- 

 brous : lower bniets sheathed, shorter than the pcdunchss : spikes 4 or 5, pale, the female witli 3 

 to 6 alternate flowers, the upper close to the male, the lower remote, unequally long-ixduncled : 

 perigynium ellipsoidal, long-beaked, bifid, stipitate, nerveless, about equal to the lanceolate acute 

 or cuspidate scale : nutlet bubtriangular-globo.se. Referred to C. PaDisijli-aniai by Boeckeler. 



58. C. globosa, Boott. Stoloniferous : stem 4 to IG inches high, very slender, 

 scabrous, clothed at base with reddish purple sheaths that break up into thread- 

 like fibres : leaves firm, 1 or 2 lines broad, the lower longer than the stem : lower 

 bracts short-sheatlied, longer than their spikelets : spikes 4 to G, the male cylindrical, 

 I to 1 inch long and a line thick, the female oblong, loosely 2-9-llowered, 3 to G 

 fines long and 2 thick, the upper sessile, close to the male and staminate at top, the 

 others remote and pedunculate, tlie lowest on a rough capillary subradical peduncle 

 a foot long or less; scales 1- and 3-nerved, oblong or lanceolate, acute or cuspitlate, 

 purple with green midnerve and hyaline margins: iierigynium more or less purple, 

 globose, produced at base, abruptly beaked with a biilentate hyaline-margined orifice, 

 coriaceous, nerved, hirsute-scabrous, ])roader than the scale : nutlet chestnut-colored, 

 oblong or globose, obtusely 3-angled, slightly produced at base. — Trans. Linn. Soc. 

 XX. 125, and 111. iv. 188. 



In the Coast Ranges (Santa Barbara, Brewer, to Oakland among redwoods, Bolaiulcr), and in 

 the Sierra Nevada, from the Yosemite Valley northward. 



59. C. brevipes. Cespitose and rootstock creeping : stem G inches liigh, oIj- 

 tusely angled, slightly scabrous, several-leaved at base, the reddish purph; sheaths 

 breaking up into separate fibres : caidine leaves I or 2 lines broad, tapering to a 

 sharp triangular sc^alirous summit, shorter than the stem : ])racts without sheaths. 



