2G0 GRAMINE.E. rankaui. 



§ 3. Sjnkelets crowded in 3 or 4 roics or irrcijularhj on the one-sided splke-llke 

 branches of tlie panicle. — J'^ciii.nuchloa. 



7. P. Crus-galli, Linn. (1!ah.\-vaiuj Guass.) Annual, witli culms fiuui a 

 few inches to 4 led liigii, stout, branching from the base : leaves lanceolate, i incii 

 wide or more, lough on the margins and, with the sheaths, usually smfx»tli "other- 

 wise : panicle nujstly dense and pyramidal, olten secund, rarely with distant and 

 somewhat appressed branches; spikelets 1 to 2 lines long, often clustered and 

 densely crowded upon the numerous one-sided branches, which usually bear coarse 

 liairs, especially at base : glumes rough upon the nerves, ovate, abru[)tly pointed : 

 lower palet of sterile lloret awl-pointed or short-uwned, but mostly with a rough awn 

 an inch long or more; perfect tloret pointless or with a short point. — Trin. 1. c, 

 t. 161. Echinochlua Crus-yaUi, l>eauv. ; Keichenb. 1. c, t. 191. 



Common in rich giounds. A native of Europe and jiossibly indigenous to some parts of tliis 

 continent ; widely intnHlueed as a weed of eultivation in all warm countries. Exceedingly varia- 

 ble, and as many of tlie forms have received names the synonyms are many. In the Bad Lands 

 of Nebraska perfect plants are found only two inches high, while in rich spots live feet is not an 

 unusual height. There aie all degree.s, from perfectly smooth sheaths and leaves to those with 

 long hairs, and a veiy rough pubescence is not rare, the panicles and sometimes the sheaths are 

 often tinged with purple, but are sometimes so pale tliat one form has been called var. ijlaucam. 

 From the large pyramidal conipouml jMnicle there is every grade down to a nearly siuijile one, 

 with scarcely branclied spikes eiect, appressed and distant iijion the ihachis, in win. h condition it 

 is liable to be mistaken fur P. colunuiti. Tiiis, which was formerly regarded as a worthless weed, 

 has been, within a few years, cultivated in Illinois and some neighboring States as a hay-crop. 



8. P. colonum, Linn. Cidms G inches to 2 feet high, annual, branching or 

 simple, usually decumbent and rooting at base : leaves linear and, with the sheaths, 

 glabrous : panicle of three to twelve or more short (i to 1 inch) perfectly simple dis- 

 tant usually erect spikes, which are mostly bearded at base ; spikelets in two to four 

 rows, a line long or less, awnless : glumes and lower palets nearly smooth or hispid 

 on the nerves, pointed l)ut not awned : fertile llower barely pointed. — Trin. 1. c, 

 t. IGO. P. Walttri, Ell. Sketch, i. 115; Chapm. Fl. 557. 



San Diego County ; Arizona and Northern Mexico ; also in tlie Southern Atlantic States. Com- 

 mon in the warm countries of the Old World ; also in Australia. Tliis much resembles some of 

 the small and smooth forms of P. Cnis-galli, but in this tlu' sjiikes or branches of the .slender 

 panicle are entirely simple and unbraneiied, wliile in tlie otiur tiny are niuie or less c()m|ioiind, 

 though the subdivisions are sometimes obscine and small, rcrlect liuict much less ]n)inted than 

 in the preceding. 



P. Califohnicum, Bentli. Bot. Sulph. 55, was collectetl in Lower California ; it i)rolably does 

 not extend into the State, as no sj)ecimens according with the desciiption occur in the various 

 collections. 



P. STHUMOSITM, Presl, Pel. Ihenk. i. 303, is accredited to the State. Trinius (PanicciU, 255) 

 suggests that it is very near P. ijibbtun. Ell. It is diliicult to identify Presl's species from his 

 descriptions. 



3. SETARIA, Beauv. Bim.sti.v E.»x-Taii. Or.Ass. 



Panicle dense, cylindrical, spike-like, sometimes interrupted below. Spikelets 



as in Panicum, awidess, with the short i»eduncles pnjduced beyond tliem into one 



or several awn-like bristles which are at one side, not fornung a complete involucre. 



A genus of annuals, of about 20 species, natives of tropical countries, and introduced in most 

 temperate climates. By some botanists it is placed as a .section oi' Pdnkiini, from which it dill'ers 

 in its spikc-iike in(lores<-ciiee and the bristles subtending tii.' spikelets. ,S' I/,flirii in .some of il.i 

 varieties is euHivale.i as " Millel,"Hnd its var. (.'cniiiniini, known as llungaiiun (Ini.ss, is a u.sefnl 

 forage plant, often sown to supplement a short hay-i-io]). 



1. S. glauca, Px'ativ. Culm erect, 1 to 2 ft'ct high : spike 1 to 4 inches long, 

 cylindrical, compact and usually tawny yellow : bristhis in clusters of G to II, much 

 exceeding the sjiikelets, barlied with jnimerous miiuite teeth which point upwards: 

 j)erfect floret with numerous tratisverse wrinkles, especially when mature. — IJeichenb. 

 Icon. Fl. Germ. i. G8, t. 188. Paiticum tjtaiicinn, Linn. ; Trin. Sp. Gram. ii. t. 195. 



