Dicmnum. MUSCI. 363 



W. ciiisi'in.A, Heilw., raiifros fioiii tlio arctifi regions to tlio moiintaiiis of Wasliington Territory, 

 Utah and Colorado, aiul may [w cxiiected on the iiigh inountaiiis of Caliroriiia. Slender, an inch 

 high or more, with lanceolate long-acnniinate leaves, ticxnose-spreading or falcate-secund and 

 iinich <'ris]>ed wlien dry : eapsuh; on ii tall twisted pedicel, with o!ilii|nely heaked operculum, no 

 annulns, and occasionally hilid teeth, the tips incurved when dry. — liruch & Schimp. 1. c, t. 26. 

 Dicranowcissia crispuUi, Schimp. 



9. DICRANUM, Ilcdw. 



Dichotoraously branched perennials, often large, on the ground, rocks, or rarely 

 trees. Leaves spreading or falcate-secund, long-lanceolate or lance-subulate, costate ; 

 areolation quadrate or linear-oblong, hyaline at base, and often enlarged and yellow- 

 ish at the basal angles ; perichfctial leaves sheathing. Inllorescenco dioecious or 

 monoecious, terminal and bud-like. Calyptra cucullate. Capsule long-pedicellate, 

 nodding or rarely erect, symmetrical or incurved ; operculum large, long-beaked. 

 Peristome of IG linear-lanceolate purple or deep orange teeth, uneciually cleft to or 

 below the middle, the longer and shorter segments so alternating as to be in pairs. 



There are 60 or more P^uropean species, half of which reappear in North America. The genus is 

 resolved by some authors into a tribe of lialf a dozen or more. 



* Leaves dull, papillose above, crenulate-serrate at the apex, the minutely quad- 

 rate areolation not enlarrjed at the basal aiujles : cah/iitra iiiflated-cuc^illate : 

 capsxde, strumous, with oblique operadum : monmcious. — § Cynodontium. 

 {Cynodontium, Schimp.) 



1. D. virens, Iledw. Stems often tall (.3 inches high or less): leaves lanceolate- 

 subulate, iialf-sheathing at base, spreading, flexuose, smooth, entire or serrate: 

 capsule nodding, more or less incurved, brownish, not striate when dry ; annulus 

 narrow, persistent. — Muse. Frond, iii. 77, t. 32 ; Engl. Bot. t. 14G2; Bruch k Schimp. 

 Bryol. Eur. t. 48; Wilson, Bryol. Brit. t. 17. 



Var. serratum, Bruch <.^ Schimp. Leaves coarsely toothed : capsule loss strumous. 



On the banks of cold streams in Tuolumne Canon and j\Iono Pass, at 9,000 feet altitude 

 {Bolifiirfcr) ; (Jalton Mountains, Washington Territory, Li/iiir. ; the variety. A form (var. ll'ahhn- 

 bcTfjii) with narrower more llexuose and strongly crispcil leaves, tlic lower becoming dark-colored, 

 and with the more incurved capsule prominently strumous, occurs eastward. The typical form 

 is European, as well as the varieties. 



I). r(ii,VCAi;ruM, Ehrli., a more slender species, witli linear-lnnceolate leaves jinpillosc on both 

 sides and denticulate at base and apex, and with the erect or gibbously inclined capsule striate 

 when dry, was found by LjjaU. in the Cascade Mountains. It is conmion throughout Europe, and 

 occurs eastward. — Engl. Bot. t. 2269 ; Bruch & Schimp. 1. c, t. 47 ; Wilson, 1. c, t. 18. 



* * Small : leaves smooth, more or less serrate above, pale, with oblong-hexagonal 

 areolation uniform at base: calyptra not inflated : capsule seldom strumous, 

 mostly nodding : dioicious. — § Dicranella. {Dicranella, Schimp.) 



+- Leaves secund or somewhat so. 



2. D. varium, Hedw. Stems densely clustered, 4 or 5 lines high : leaves 

 mostly spreading, lance-subulate and attenuate with slightly excurrent costa, entire 

 or obsoletely toothed at the apex : capsule nodding, ovate or obloug, somewhat 

 incurved, without annulus, red ; operculum large, shortly beaked : teeth large, deep 

 purple, connivent into a convex cone. — Muse. Frond, ii. 93, t. 34; Bruch & 

 Schimp. 1. c, t. 57, 58 ; Wilson, 1. c., t. 17. 



On perpendicular sandstone rocks, watered by springs, near the Bay of San Fnnciseo, Bolavdfr. 

 A very connnon and variable species in the Atlantic States, usually on moist clay banks ; also in 

 Euroi)e. 



3. D. subulatum, Hedw. Stems loo.sely cespitose, 5 to 10 linos high: leaves 

 socunil, Komnwliat lalcato, long-subulate with a slondor excurrent costa, entire, 

 shining, very narrowly areolato ; capsule nodding uiion a red pedicel, gibbous, 



