376 Ml 'SCI. Zwjwhin. 



smooth, at length plicato, light brown, upon a .slender pedicel 3 to G lines long ; 

 operculum long-conic. — Trans. Anier. Phil. Soc. xiii. 8, anil Mem. Calif. Acad, 

 i. 15 ; Sulliv. k, Lesq. Muse. Am.-Bor. Kxsicc. 2 ed. w. 22G ; SuUiv. Icon. Muse. 

 Suppl. 41, t. 27. lltdtviijid jtiliftni, Mitten, Journ. Linn, Soc. viii. 45, t. 7. 

 On ifontc l)ial>lo {Uoluiulcr) ; Vancouver Islaiul, LtjaJl. 



20. ZYGODON, Hook. & Tayl. 



Low tufted or matted perennials, fastigiately branched, on trees or rocks. Leaves 

 soft, dull, in 5 or 8 ranks, S(piarrose-spreading, linear- to oblong-lanceolate, carinate, 

 with flat margins, and costate usually to the apex, the areolation minutely (piadrate 

 above, loose and more rectangular at the hyaline base. Flowers monoecious or 

 dioecious, bud-like, terminal or the male axillary. Calyptra cucullate, smooth. 

 Cai)sule erect, immersed or exserted, ovate-oblong, 8-striatc, with rather long obconic 

 coUum, minute obliquely rostrate operculum, and no annulus. Peristome none (in 

 our species), or present and as in Orthotricham. 



About 60 species an; known, widely ilistiilmtfil, Imt most aluimlant in tlie niountiiins of Soulli 

 America. Clo.s<-ly allied to Urtlu>lruhuin. Scliiniper .^e|iaratcs the groiqi to which the following 

 species belong, forming a genus Anq/horidium, simply on the urceolate shape of the dry capsule. 



1. Z. Lapponicus, Bruch it Schimp. Stems ^ to 1 inch high, fragile, 

 tomentose wilii rliizoids : leaves linear-lanceolate, co.state nearly to the apex, crisped 

 and twisted when dry, yellowish green becoming brown and black ; pericluetial 

 leaves ovate-lanceolate, sheathing : liowers mona-cious, the male often clustered : 

 capsule scarcely exserted, ovate, constricted below the broad orilico when dry : 

 calyptra brownish, covering the short-luniked operculum. — Pryol. Kur. t. 20(i ; 

 AVilson, Pryol. Brit. t. G; Sulliv. in Ciray's Man. 2 ed. t. 2; lierkeh-y, Brit. Moss, 

 t. 20, fig. 3; G i/mnostomian Lapponicum, Iledw. Muse. Frond, iii. 10, t. 5. 



Yosemite Valley, in spray of the Nevada I'all (liolandcr) ; Cascade Mountains {Li/nll) ; also 

 in the Alleghimies, and in the alpine regions of Europe. 



2. Z. Californicus, Hampe. A similar species, loosely matted, dull green : 

 leaves very much crisped, loosely spreading and flexuose when wet, with the costa 

 excurrent and margins narrowly revolute below and remotely denticulate above ; 

 perichtctial leaves not sheathing, much narrower and acuter, with slightly revolute 

 margins: cajjsule shortly exserted on a very slender purplish pedicel. ^ — Miiell. in 

 Bot. Zeit. XX. 3G1 ; Sulliv. »k Lesip Muse. Am.-Bor. Exsicc. 2 ed. n. 172; Sulliv. 

 Icon. Mu.sc. Sup[)l. 47, t. 32. 



In San Jose Valley, J. Bauer. 



21. TETR APHIS, 11. dw. 



Densely cespitose perennials, on rocks or decaying wood, erect, innovating at 

 base and summit. Leaves mostly 3-ranked, the up])er much the larger, crowded, 

 smooth, broadly ovate-lanceolate, entire, costate to below the apex ; areolation rounded 

 hexagonal, loo.ser and linear-rectangular at base. Inflorescence monoecious, terminal, 

 bud-like. Caly[)tra mitriform, naked, irregularly sulcate, with firm rough apex an<l 

 thin lobed base, covering the capsule to the middle. ( 'apsule cylindrical, ere* t, 

 long-pedicellate, thin, with thin long-conic operculum and no annulus. Peristome 

 of 4 rigid brown broadly lanceolate triquetrous teeth, formed from the 4-cleft 

 internal tissue of the o[)erculum, sulcate on the back. 



A genus of two species, one of Europe and North America, the other of Japan. 

 1. T. pellucida, lledw. Stems h to 1 inch high, light green above, reddi.sh 

 below, with numeruus rhizoids at base, often bearing at the summit a cup-shaped 



