404 



MUSCI. JUuhaamla. 



43. BUXBAUMIA, IlalKr. 



Minute nearly acaulescent auniuili or biennials, on the ground or decaying wood. 

 Leaves few, ovate- to linear-oblong, nerveless, coarsely toothed and becoming fringed 

 or lacerate, pale at base and reddish above, the areolation loose, oblongdiexagonal, 

 without chlorophyll. Flowers dioecious, terminal, buddike ; antheridia 1 or 2. 

 Calyptra small, conic-cylindric, obtuse, fugacious. (Japsule very large, on a stout 

 fleshy densely verrucose purple pedicel, obliquely serai-ovate, the upper surface 

 flattened, the lower ventricose, firmer and darker colored, continuous into the cylin- 

 drical coUum ; operculum small, conic, obtuse. Peristome double, tlie outer of one 

 or more series of delicate irregular teeth", surrounded by a narrower adherent annulus, 

 the inner membranaceous, hyaline, 32-plicate, twisted into a truncate cone. 



Of tlie three desciibed species one is found tliiou<,'li tlie tenii)eiiite legions of Eurojie, Asia and 

 North Ameiica, a second is European, and the third occurs in Java. 



1. B. aphylla, Haller. Stem a minute bull), nearly burietl in the ground, the 

 leaves resolved into hairdike processes : pedicel 7 to 10 lines high : cuticle surround- 

 ing the orilice of the capsule becoming revolute and lobed : outer peristome of a 

 single series of unequal pale yellow teeth mucii exceetling the brownish annulus. — 

 Engl. Bot. t. 159G; Bruch & Schimp. Bryol. Kur. t. 427, and vi, t. G-11 ; Wilson, 

 BryoJ. Brit. t. 22 ; Sulliv. in Gray's i\Ian. 2 eil. t. 3; Berkek-y, Ihit. Moss. t. ID, 

 fig. 6; Fh Dan. t. 2752, lig. 1. 



Cascade Mountains {Lyall) and luobahly in Caiifoinia ; Eastern States, Europe, and Asia. 



44. FONTINALIS, Hill. 



Floating perennials, with slender stems attached only at base, branching. Leaves 

 3-ranked, smooth, ovate or ovate-lanceolato, nerveless, entire, with linear- or narrow- 

 rhombic areolation, subscarious and .shining when dry. Flowers dioecious, bud-like, 

 lateral upon the primary stem or secondary branches. Calyptra small, conic. Cap- 

 sule immersed in the pericliKtium, sessile or subsessile, ovate to cylindrical, with 

 conic operculum and no annulus. Peristome double, the outer of IG linear teeth 

 coherent at the apex in pairs ami very hygroscoi)ic, the inner of IG alternate cilia 

 united by slender crossbars and forming a more or less perfect tessellated cone. 



Of ten known species seven are found in North America, three of them also European. 



1. F. antipyretica, Linn. Stems 8 to 12 inches long or more, much ilivided : 

 leaves broadly ovate, acuminate, entire, acutely carinate ami somewhat folded, the 

 lower margin of one side rellexed, at lengfli splitting along the keel, yellowish-green 

 becoming olive or blackish ; up|)er pericha-tial leaves broadly oblong, rounded at the 

 apex, usually lacerate, closely embracing the ovate or ovate-oblong olive-colored ca])- 

 sule : teeth dark purple, 2G -30-jointed, nearly equalling the inner perfect blood-i'ed 

 cone. — Engl. Bot. t. 359; Bruch &l Schimj). Bryol. Eur. t. 429; Wilson, Biyol. 

 Brit. t. 22'; Sulliv. in (Jray's Man. 2 ed. t. 4; Berkeley, Brit. Moss. t. 3, tig. 2; 

 Sulliv. & Lesi]. ]\lusc. Am.'-Bor. Exsicc. 2 ed. n. 333. /'. Ca/i/oniica, Sulliv. in 

 Pacif. R. Pep. iv. 189. 



Var. gigantea, Sulliv. A large form witli the more sparingly branched stems 

 less bare below and the closely imbricated leaves very rarely blackish, tiie smaller 

 capsule with a shorter obtuser operculum, the shorter teeth 18 - 20-j.)inted and the 

 cilia united only toward the top. — Icon. Muse. 106, t. GG. F. <jl(jantca, Sulliv., 

 and F. Eatoni, Sulliv. (?), ]\Iusc. Am.-Bor. Exsicc. n. 224, 224*^. 



In rivulets in tlie Coast Ranges nortli of San Francisco (Biyc/ow) ; swamps (Bolantlcr) ; aljiine 

 lake near Silver Mountain {Bicwcr) ; Eoit folville {l.ydl) ; nuithein Athmtic States and Europe. 

 The variety in Ruby Valley, Nevada, and Utah {IValaun), ami in the eastern Atlantic States. 



