410 MlJSCr. Ilijpnum. 



54. HYPNUM, Dill. 

 Variable in liabit and mode of growth ; primary stem prostrate, the secondary 

 stems irreguhirly and subfascicldately branched or more or less regularly once or 

 twice pinnate. Leaves rather broad, mostly smooth and shining and more or less 

 scarious, costa short or wanting or rarely percurrent ; areolation mostly narrowly 

 prosenchymatous, linear or ilexuous-linear, rarely rhombic or hexagonal. Intlores- 

 cence various (more frequently dioecious), lateral, bud-like. Calyi)tra dimidiate, 

 smooth. Capsule long-pedicellate, more or less cernuous and unsymmetrical ; oper- 

 culum conic or rostrate. Peristome double as in the preceding genera, the inner 

 upon a broader basal membrane (about half the length of the teeth), with ciliohe. 



A large and dillicult genus of over 500 species, wliich is readily divisible into several more or 

 less well-marked groiqis. Schiiuper proposes 20 or more genera for the European species, half of 

 which are represented in the Californian llora, but it will lie most convenient licie to consider 

 them only as subgenera or sections. The sjiecies are often of dillicult dclinilion and based upon 

 apparently slight cliaracteis. 



§ 1. Ramification pinnate (excepting n. 4) : leaves papillose, acuminate, costate 

 to the apex, equallij spreadhuj: ope^'calam conic. 



* Pedicel scabrous or tuberculate : fiowers dUnclous. 



1. H. Whippleanum, Sulliv. Stems filihirm, 1 or 2 inches long, pinnately 

 twice or thrice divided, arcuately prostrate, radicuiose at the top, the numerous 

 branchlets 3 to 5 lines long : leaves erect-spreading, ovate-lanceolate, papillose on 

 the back, entire margin serrate, pellucid, costa reaching nearly to the apex, areolation 

 quadrate oblong : capsule on a tuV)erculate ix-diecl 5 to 7 lines long, abrujjtly hori- 

 y.ontal, oval or oblong, somewhat uniupial, dark chestnut with blackish distinct 

 obtuse collum ; operculum cmstricted in the middle ; annulus none : ciliohe in 

 pairs, equalling the processes and whitish teeth. — Pacif. ]{. Pep. iv. lUO, t. 9; 

 Sulliv. & Lesq. !Musc. Am.-Por. Exsicc. 2 ed. n. 407. 



On the ground in mountain caiions near the Hay of San Franci.sco, Biijdow. 



2. H. crispifolium, Hook. Stems 4 or 5 inches long, branches slightly in- 

 curved, simply pinnate with short unequal branchlets : leaves crowded, bright green, 

 erect-spreading, crisped when dry, lanceolate from a broadly cordate subdecurrent 

 base, serrate, Uexuose, narrowly long-acuminate or sometimes tipped with a hyaline 

 hair, the pale costa ceasing below the apex, verv finely jjapillose, areolation minute, 

 rounded ; pericluetial leaves smooth witli a very long and narrow denticulate acumi- 

 nation : pedicel short, very scabrous, puri)le ; capside horizontal, pale, incurved- 

 oblong, broadly annulate ; operculum obliquely beaked : processes broadly gaping 

 or divided ; ciliolai 2 or 3, nearly as long. — Muse. Exot. t. 31 ; Lescp in Trans. 

 Amer. Phil. Soa xiii. 11 ; Sulliv. & Lesq. 1. c, n. 405. //. ramulosian, Hampe ; 

 Muell. Syn. ii. 480. 



On 'shaded ground and rocks, near Oakland, and near Paper Mill, Marin County {Bolander); 

 Oregon {Ncvius) ; Vancouver Island, Menzics, li'ood. 



H. LAXIFOMUM, Sclnvaegr. Suppl. t. 143 (Leskca laxifolia, Hook. Muse. Exot. t. 30), collected 

 hy Menzies and not since idcntilied, a])pears to be a similar si)ecies, but with broader and h\-<s 

 attenuate leaves, a shorter and more turgid capsule, the processes less dehiscent, and the ciliolaj 

 very short and imperfect. 



* * Pedicel smooth. 



3. H. calyptratum, Sulliv. Very small ; stem filiform, subsimply pinnate, 

 flagelliform at tlie sumn)it : leaves erect-spreading, broadly ovate, narrowly long- 

 acuminate, denticulate, costate to the apex, s[)aringly pa[iillose on the back, areolation 

 miimte and sulxpiadrate : ilowers monoecious ; calyptra very long, embracing the 

 pedicel: capsule cylindric, oblique, ourvtHJ ; upcrculum ol)tusej aniudus none; 



