gg VIOLACE.E. Viola. 



soiuewliat corduto at biiso, lunito or obtuse, i to 1^ inclies long, obscurely creiiatc : 

 .stipules I'oliua'ous, iianowly lanceolate, lacorately ti.otlieci : llowt^rs violet or purple, 

 rather large ; lateral petals bearded ; spur as h)ng as the sepals, rather slender, 

 obtuse, hoi)ked or curved. — V. aduiica, Smith, in IJees Cyc. 



Var. longipes, ^Vat.son. ^'ery similar, but the stout and oljtuse spur is nearly 

 stmight. — )'. lumjipes, Nutt. in ''I'orr. .V dray, V\. i. 110. V. aduitca, Hook. VI 

 i. 79, in part. 



Var. oxyceras, AVatson. Fioweis rather smaller ; spur slender, nearly ecjualling 

 the petals, acute and curved. 



The first two forms of this very variable specties arc conmion in the Coast Ranges, in meadows 

 and moist places, from San Francisco to Washington Teriitory, apparently extending into the 

 Sierra Nevada. Nearly identical foinis are found eastward in the Kocky Mountains and to Win- 

 nipeg Valley. The var. ixxijccnis has been collected oidy in the Sierra Nevada, in Yosemite Val- 

 ley {Breicer, Onuj), anil near Donncr I'ass, Torrcy. The species to which these are all rtfcrred 

 is distributed throughout the northern zones around the world. The var. syhrstrin of the Atlantic 

 Coast, from the Northern States to Greenland, is glabrous, with more deeply cordate or renifomi 

 leaves, the spur sliaiglit and obtuse. 



4r. V. ocellata, Torr. & Gray. More or less pubescent with spreading hairs, 

 rarely glabrous : stems nearly erect, 6 to 12 inches high : leaves cordate to cordate- 

 ovate, acutish, conspicuously crenate, 1 or 2 inches long ; stipules small, scarious, 

 entire or slightly lacerate : petals 5 to 7 lines long, the upper ones white within, 

 deep puri)le-brown without, the others pale-yellow veined with purple, the lateral 

 ones with a purple spot near the base and slightly bearded on the claw. — Fl. i. 

 142; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 325, 



From Monterey northward to Mendocino Co., in wooded districts. 



V. TRicoLOii, Linn., the Pansy or Hcart's-ease of the gardens, often escapes from cultivation 

 and becomes wild. It is a native of Eurojie and Siberia, erect, with angled stems, large foliaceous 

 divided stipule.s, rather small cordate or ovate or even lanceolate leaves, and flowers variously 

 colored with purple, violet, yellow and wiute. Nature furnishes several varieties and art has 

 produced many more. 



+4- ++ Flowers 1/elloiv, more or less veined or tinged with purple. 



5. V. pedunculata, Tom-. <k Gray. Nearly glabrous or somewhat puberulent, 

 the a.scending stems 2 to G inches high from a slender decumbent or procumbent 

 base : leaves rhombic-cordate, with base usually truncate or abru])tly cuneate, obtuse, 

 ^ to H inches long, often small, coarsely crenate: stipules Ibliaceous, narrowly 

 lanceolate, entire or gashotl : peduncles much exceeding the leaves : flowers showy, 

 deep yellow, usually large : sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute : petals 6 to 9 

 lines long, the upper more or less tinged with brown on the outside, the others 

 veined with purj)le ; lateral jtetals bearded: cajtsule oblong-ovate, 5 to lines 

 long, glabrous. — Fl. i. 141 ; Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey, 325 ; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 

 5004. 



In the Coast Ranges from Southern California to San Francisco, and probably northward. 



<j. V. aurea, Kellogg. ^lore or less pubescent with short sjjreading hairs : the 

 stems ascending from a straight rootstock, 2 to G inches high : leaves ovate to lan- 

 ceolate, cuneate or sometimes truncate at base, obtuse, h to li inches long, coarstily 

 «;rt!nato : stipides foliaceous, lanceolate, laciniate : pedunctles a little huiger than 

 the leaves : sepals linear, acununate : petals 4 to 6 lines long, as in the last but 

 lighter yellow : capsule nearly globular, 3 lines long, pubescent. — Proc. Calif. 

 Acad. ii. 185, fig. 54. V. mitt(dUi & prccmorsa, Benth. PI. Hartw. 298. V. 

 pedunculata, Torr. in Pacif. R. Pep. iv. 68, in part. V. Nuttallii, var. pramoisa, 

 Watson, Bot. King E.xp. 35. 



Var. venosa, "Watson. Alpine and more .slender; flowers rather smaller; leaves 

 often purple-veined. — V. purpurea, Kellogg, Proc. Calif Aciid. i. 5G. V. Nuttallii, 

 var. (1) venosa, AVatson, Bot. King Exp. 35. 



