Ruhus. ROSACEA. \>j\ 



on short l)ractpatc podunclos in spikes ^ to 2 inclics lon;^ : calyx-lolios silky, exceetl- 

 ing the tube and nearly equalling the spatiilate petals : lilaincnts ami styles exserted : 

 carpels 3 to 8 (as many as the loVjes of the calyx), somewhat villous or glabrous, 

 2-seeded. — Torr. & Gray, Fl. i. 412; Watson, Hot. King Exp. 81. 



In the mountains from New Mexico and Utah to Northorn Nevada ( IFaLion) and the Cascade 

 Mountains, Oregon {Neiuberry) ; probably in Northern Califoinia. A singular subalpine species. 



S. PECTINATA, Torr. k Gray. A low imrbaceous cespitose nearly glabrous perennial, with creep- 

 ing stems and erect lonfy brandies : leaves rigid, attenuate-linear below, twice or thrice 3-cleft, the 

 tobfs acute, narrow, spreading : racenui short, simple or compound, jiubcscent : calyx-lobes ex- 

 ceeding the tube, nearly equalling the white ol)ovato petals : lilnments included : carpels 4 to 

 6, nearly smooth, 4-6-secded. — FI. i. 417. Liitkroaibhaldioidrx, IJongard, Vcg. Sitclm, 130, 

 t. 2. Erior/ijnia 2>t!r.finatn, Hook. Fl. i. 2.').'), t. 88. From Bchring Straits to tho Cascade Moun- 

 tains (Newberry), and perhaps on the higher mountains of Noithcin California. 



4. NEILLIA, Don. Nine-baiik. 



Carpels 1 to 5, in our species inflated and divergent : ovules two to several, some 



ascending, some pendulous : seeds obovoid or subglobose, Avith a smooth and shinin" 



crustaceous testa, evident rhapho, and copious albumen : otherwise as Spirwa. — 



DifFuso shrubs ; leaves simple, tootlicd or lobcd ; stipules rather Inrgc, deciduous ; 



flowers large, white, in simple corymbs or panicled racemes. 



Only 4 or 5 species, contined to the mountains of Asia, with the following exceptions. 

 1. N. opulifolia, r.enth. & Hook. A shrub 3 to 10 feet high, with slender 

 spreading or recurved branches and ash-colored shrechly bark : leaves ovate or often 

 cordate, 3-lobcd and toothed, 1 to 3 inches long, on slender petioles, nearly gla- 

 brous : flowers on long slender pedicels in siniph^ nndx'l-like hemispherical tomentose 

 corymbs : calyx-lobes shorter than the rounded i)etals, usually pubescent on both 

 sides : carpels 2 to 5, at length 2 to 4 lines long and membranaceous, glabrous, 

 2-4-seeded : seeds oblong-ovate, a lino long. — Spircra opulifolia, Linn. 



Var. mollis, Hook. Leaves somewhat stellate-pubescent beneath, and inflores- 

 cence more densely tomentose. — Fl. i. 171. Spircca capitata, Pursh. 



On the rocky banks of streams from the Bay of San Francisco northward to British America, 

 and eastward across the continent. Another species, N. Torrryi, Watson, witli smaller leaves 

 and flowers, and tomentose ovaries, is found from the East Humboldt Mts., Nevada, to Colorado. 



6. RUBUS, binn. RA.srnr.uitv. Ui.Acicni-.ititv. 

 Calyx persistent, 5-lobed, without bractlets ; tube short and open. iVtals 5, con- 

 spicuous. Stamens numerous. Carpels usually niimerous upon a convex receptacle, 

 becoming small globose 1 -seeded drupes : styles nearly terminal : ovules 2, pen- 

 dulous : putamen reticulately pitted. — Perennial herbs or somewhat woody, erect or 

 trailing, often prickly ; leaves simple or pinnately 3 - 7-foliolate, with stipules adnate 

 to the petioles; flowers white or reddish, in panicles or corymbs, or solitary; fruit 

 usually edible, black, red, or yellowish. 



A large genus of nearly 500 described species, reducible to half as many, widely distributed 

 over the globe ; 20 or more are North American. The species are variablcand often of diflRcult 

 determination. Two (^ilifoinian species are cultivated abroad for ornament, but none for fruit 

 The Garden Raspberry is the European R. Idrcnn, Linn., which the R. sfrfgo.iits, Michx., of the 

 Eastern States and Pocky ]\Iountains, approaches very closely. The cultivated Blackberries are 

 mostly forms of R. villosus, Ait, of the Atlantic States. 



§ 1. Fruit with a hlooni, scparatiuij from the rrrrplarlr w/ini ripr. — pAsrnniiliY. 



* Leaves simple, palmatebj lohed : stem, soff-vioodt/, viithont prickles: flowers larr/e. 



1. R. Nutkanus, Moqino. (SAi.MON-nF.RRY.) Stenis eract or drooping, 3 to 8 

 feet high ; bark green and smooth or more or less glnnrlular-pubescent, becoming 



