Ferula. UMBEIJ.IFERyE. 271 



23. HERACLEUM, I-inn. Cow rAitsNii-. 

 Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. Disk undulate; stylopodiuin conical. Fruit 

 strongly flattened, orbicular or elliptical, the broad wings coherent till maturity ; 

 dorsal ribs filiform or obscure ; oil-tubes obclavate, extending downward from the 

 apex rarely to the base, solitary in the intervals, 2 on the commissure. Seed flat 

 and thin. — Perennials or biennials, mostly stout and pube.scent ; leaves ample, 

 lobed or compound ; umbels )nany-rayed ; involucre usually few-leaved, caducous ; 

 involucels many-leaved ; flowers white. 



Aliout 50 species nre found in the north tnnpeiate zone of tiie Old World, a single one extend- 

 ing to America and ranging through much of British America and the United States. 



1. H. lanatum, Michx. Very stout, 4 to 8 feet high, pubescent: petioles 

 greatly dilated; leaves ternate ; the divisions pctiolulate, round-cordate, 4 to 10 inches 

 broad, unequally lobed ; lobes acuminate, toothed : rays 3 to 6 inches long : flowers 

 large, the outer petals often dilated: fruit broadly obovate, 4 to 6 lines long, slightly 

 pubescent. 



Wet soils in the mountains, from Monterey northward, and in the Sierra Nevada at a height 

 of 6,000 to 8,000 feet. 



24. FERULA, Linn. 

 Calyx-teeth obsolete. Disk small and stylopodium depressed. Fruit oblong- 

 elliptical or nearly orbicular, strongly compressed dorsally, the corky marginal wings 

 (in American species) as thick as the seed, coherent till maturity ; the dorsal ribs 

 flliform; oil-tubes very numerous, obscure, or sometimes wanting. Seed flattened. 

 Carpophore bifid. — Smooth, nearly acaulescent perennials, with thick fusiform 

 roots; leaves pinnately decompound; flowers yellow, in many-i-ayed umbels. 



Nnttall's genus Lcptotccnia, of the western coast, kept distinct by Bentham k. Hooker, is re- 

 ferred by Dr. Gray to tliis large Old World genus. Pohj/wnin, of the Eastern Stites, is separated 

 only by its manifest calyx-teeth and more acuminate and impressed petals. In addition to the 

 following western species a fourth is found in S. Utah and New Mexico, F. Newberrvi {PeiLce- 

 danum Ncwherryi, Watson, in Am. Naturalist, vii. 301), of dwarfer liabit, strictly acaulescent, 

 and with less divided leaves. 



* Leaves finely diviiled. 



1. F. dissoluta, Watson. A stout coarse plant, the short stems numerous from 

 a very thick root, leafy at base : leaves broad, ternate and thrice pinnate, the ovate 

 or oblong segments a half to an inch long, pinnatifidly laciniatc-lobed and toothed, 

 puberulent on the veins beneath : peduncles stout, 1 or 2 feet long ; rays 2 to 5 

 inches long, involucrate with a few linear entire or lobed bracts ; involucels of 

 several linear bractlets : flowers yellow or purplish, numerous : fruit 8 or 9 lines 

 long, 3i broad, almost sessile, the thickened margin j of a line broad ; dorsal ribs 

 filiform ; oil-tubes very obscure and much interrujited, wanting on the commissure. 

 — Leptotirnia (Jiaaeda, Nutt. in Torr. «.% Omy, Fl. i. 030. Cynapinm (?) lUrjehmi, 

 Torrey, Facif. E. Kcp. iv. 94. Ferula disjecta, Ciray, Proc. Am. Acad. vii. 348, 

 not Lcdcbour. 



Valleys and hillsides, flowering in early spring, from Mendocino Pounty north to Piiget Sound ; 

 Klaniatii Lake {Frrvinvt) \ Murphy's Tamp, niijelmn. A sjieciuion from Borax Lake {Torrry), 

 having broad regularly elliptical fruit only 5 lines long, is no otherwise (lilTcrent. 



2. F. multiiida. Gray, 1. c. Like tlie last, but witli more finoly divided leave.<«, 

 the umbels without involucre, flowers less densely crowded, nml the pedicels r)f tlio 

 fruit 2 to 12 lines long. — Watson, r>ot. King Exp. 127. Leptodvnia vudtifida, 

 Nutt. 1. c. 



On the eastern side of the Sierra Nevada from Carson City nortinvard to Oregon, and cast to 

 Utah. The root is often very large. 



