CcplialantliHS. RUBIACEvE. 281 



l)(',riiog (liatiiict. — L. Leilehnnri, Kscli., puhlishod a year later tliaii liaiiks's nanio by 

 SpnMigol. L. intermedia, Kollngg, Proc. Calif. Acad. ii. 151, li^. 47. 



Common in shady placns, rearliiiij; to the Rocky Mountains, Hiitisli Colunihia, and Lake Suix"- 

 rior. Shrul) 2 to 10 feet liigh : leaves 3 to 6 indies long. InvoluiTo a pair of foliaceous outer ovate 

 bracts, which become half an inch long, and 4 intoiior and tliinnor rounded biaets wliieli are 

 commonly united in pairs, all becoming yellowish or puiplish in age. Corolla from half to two 

 thirds of an inch long, obscurely bilabiate. 



3. L. conjugialis, KoUopg. Slinib slciulcr, strafj<,'lii)p, soft-puhcsooiit, or 

 smoother when old : loaves ovate or oval, tliiii, sli()rt-|toti()led ; the lower obtviae ; 

 the tipper acute or acnininate : |)e(lunele,s lonj^ and .^slender : bracts nearly wanting 

 or minute at base of the partly or wholly united ovari(!S : corolla broadly gibbous at 

 base, nearly or quite glabrous outside, dark and dull i)nrple, bilabiate to below the 

 middle ; the broad up|)er lip barely 4-to()thed ; its throat, with the b<a.sc of the .stylo 

 and filaments, hairy: berry red. — Kellogg, I. c. f]7, lig. 15. L. Jireiveri, Gray, 

 Proo. Am. Acad. vi. 537, <^ vii. 349. 



Woods of the Sierra Nevada, from Mariposa Co. nortliwai-d, and in adjacent parts of Ne- 

 vada. Peduncle an inch or less in length, and shorter than well-developed leaves, or rarely longer 

 and exceeding the leaf, as described by Dr. Kellogg. Corolla hariUy half an inch long. 



4. L. caerulea, Linn. Low, pubescent : leaves oval or oblong, obtuse at both 

 ends, almost sessile : peduncles very short : bracts a single pair, linear-subulate, longer 

 thaii the united ovaries, which form a single globular blue berry : corolla yellowish- 

 white, funnelform, little gibbous and bilabiate ; the lobes shorter than the tube. 



Sien-a Nevada, at 7,000 feet, Mariposa Co. {Bnlandrr) ; thence northward, into Asia, &c. : the 

 form with villous-pubcscont leaves and corolla : the Athuitic form has a glabrous corolla. 



Ordeu XLIX. RUBIACE^. 



Known by having opposite entire leaves with intervening stipules (or one tribo 

 with whorled leaves without stipules), along with an inferior ovary and regidar 

 4-5androus flowers. Flowers generally perfect. Calyx and corolla 4-5-lobed 

 or toothed ; the limb of the former above the union with the ovary sometimes 

 obsolete. Stamens alternate with the lobes of the corolla and borne on its tube 

 or throat, distinct. Ovary 2-5-celled. Ovules amjihitropous or anatropous. 

 Embryo in fleshy or horny albumen. — Herbs, shrubs, or in the tropics trees, 

 with colorless juice. Where the leaves nro whorled and unaccompanied by ap- 

 parent stipules, the supernumerary leaves are supposed to answer to stipules. 



A vast order, of over 4,000 species and 340 genera, mainly tropical and subtropical, altliough 

 the tribe or division StcU.af.oc (with whorled leaves) is prevailingly of the northern temperate zone, 

 in no part of which is the whole family more feebly repre<;ented than in California. 



The order yields imiwrtant products ; but Ihihin tinrtnria, the Madder plant, is the only one 

 cultivated for economical use out of tho tro])i<-s. The Coffee-]»1nut and species of Cinrhonn (yield- 

 ing IVruvian Hark) are tho most important representatives of tlie fnniily. — The tliree following 

 are all tho Californian or even Pacific North American genera ; but one of them is peculiar. 



1. CephalanthuB. Shrub, •with opposite or whorled leaves and stipules within the petioles : 



flowers in a dense head. 



2. Kelloggia. Slender herb, with opposite leaves and stipules between the petioles : the flowers 



cvmow. Fruit 2-lobed, 2-seedcd. 



3. Galium. Herbs with whorled leaves and no apparent stipules. Fruit 2-lobed. 2-scedod. 



1. CEPHALANTHUB, Linn. niTTTON-ni-sii. 

 Flowers in a dense spherical head. Calyx inversely pyrami<lal, 4-tnothed. 

 Corolla with a long and slender tube ninl a small 4-rloa lind\ Rt.amons 4. short, 

 borne on the throat of the corolla. Style very long and slender, nnich exscrtcd ; 



