282 KUBIACEjE. CtphaUuilhus. 



stigma ciipitato. Ovary 2-4-cello(l, uitli a solitary oviilo suspciiuled IVum tljc 

 suniiuit of eacli cell, lipi'iiiug into a dry inversely i)yraniiilal I'ruit, which splits Irom 

 the base upwards into 2 to 4 closed one-seeded portions. — Leaves ample, short- 

 petioled, opi)osito or in whorls of three or four : a short scale-like stipule bcLweiu 

 and within the petioles. Peduncles axillary and terminal, bearing single heads. 



1. C. OCCidentalis, Linn. iShrub or small tree, with ovate or lanceolate 

 leaves 3 to 5 inches lung, smooth or jnibesceut : heads an inch in diameter, termi- 

 nating slender pijduncles : llowers white. 



Along streams, coiimioii in California as in the Atlantic States, and extending into Mexico. 

 The Califoniian shrub (var. Ctdiforniciis, ]5enth. PI. Hartweg), like other southern forms, is com- 

 monly short-petioled. All the forms vary from sniooth to soft-pubescent. Ovary 2-celied. 



2. KELLOGGIA, Torr. 

 Calyx-tube obovoid, somewhat llattened laterally, thickly clothed with stiff 

 short bristles ; the 4 teeth very small, subulate, persistent. Corolla funnelform, with 

 4 narrow oblong lobes, valvate in the bud. Stamens 4, in the throat of the corolla : 

 filaments llattish, short : anthers linear. Style very slender : stigmas 2, filiform, 

 papillose. Ovary 2-celled, with a single anatropous OA'ule rising from the base of 

 oach cell. Fruit small, oblong, coriaceous, 2-coccous, hispid with hooked bristles, 

 splitting at maturity into 2 closed carpels, to the walls of whicli the seed adheres. 

 Embryo large in the fleshy albumen, straight. — Torr. Bot. Wilkes Exp. t. G (18G2) ; 

 Gray, PrOc. Am. Acad. vi. 53*); Benth. & Hook. Gen. ii. 137; Torr. 1. c. 332 

 (1874). 



1. K. galioides, Torr. 1. c. Slender perennial-rooted herb, about a foot high, 

 rather diU'use, glabrous or minutely pubescent : leaves opposite, lanceolate, sessile : 

 interposed stipules small and scarious : llowers small, in a loose forking cyme ter- 

 minating the stem or few branches ; the long pedicels thi(;kened at the a[)ex and 

 articulated with the ilower : corolla dull greenish-yellow, 3 lines long, pubescent 

 outside. 



Damp places, commonly under the shade of trees or shrubs, along the foot-hills and in the Si- 

 erra from Mari|)Osa Co. northward, extending to Oregon, and eastward to Arizona (Palmer) 

 and Wyoming (P(rrrii) ; first discovered on the Walla-Walla lUver, by Dr. Pickeriiuj and Mr. 

 Brackcnridije, in Wilkes' Isxfiedition, when crossing from Oregon to Califoinia. The genus was 

 dedicated to Dr. Albert Kellogg of San 1^'rancisco, in lilting recognition of the arduous endeavors 

 of the earliest botanist resident in the State of California, whose botanical labors, prosecuted for 

 many years under abounding difliculties, entitle him to tlie gratitude of those who are engaged in 

 the preparation of this work, and of those who will use it. The plant is modest and unpretend- 

 ing, but peculiar. In the foliage and stipules it recalls HousUmia, in the flower an Aspcrula, 

 and the fruit is like that of Asperula and Galium, except that the embryo was found by Dr. 

 Torrey to be nearly straight. 



3. GALIUM, Linn. Bkdstraw. Ci.eavkk.s. 



Limb of the calyx obsohito. Corolla wheel-shaped, 4-parted, iivrely 3-i)arlcd. 

 Stamens as many as the corolla-lobes, short. Styles 2, short : stigmas capitate. 

 Ovary 2-lobed, 2-celled : ovules solitary. Fruit twin, biglobular, dry, or some- 

 times fleshy when ripe, separating into two closed one-seeded carpels. — Herbs or 

 sometimes woody at base, with slender square stems, whorled leaves, destitute of 

 any apparent stipules (the stipules being supposed to be developed into leaves or 

 blades), and small llowers usually cymose. Roots of many species red, containing 

 a coloring-matter like madder, which is from a nearly related genus. 



