^^xi'''-' coMrosiTJ*:. 323 



§ 2. Perennials {]) telth leaves spinulosely pinnatijid-toothed or tnciml (or sometimes 

 entire) : scales of the involucre ivitk long-acuminate but not r/reen tips : pappus 

 of comparatively feiv (20 to 35) and very rigid bristles. {Transition to Town- 

 sendia.) — Megalastuum, Gray. 



5. A. tortifolius, Gray (not Michx.). At first loosely white-woolly, when oai 

 somewhat roughish-hirMuto or glabrate, a loot or so high : branches naked and 

 peduncle-like at siunniit, bearing a solitary very large head : leaves coriaceous, 

 rigid, often twisted, oblong or lanceolate, veiny, strongly dentate or incisely pinnat- 

 ilid with divaricate spinuloso tooth : involucre lioMiispheriniJ ; its very numerous 

 Hcalcs lanceolatn-suhulato and setaceous-acuminate, the outer a lillle Hhort(>r : rays 

 violet-purple, very numerous, an inch long: pappus becoming reddisli. — Proc. Am. 

 Acad. vii. 353. Aptopappus tortifolius, Torr. c^ Gray, in Bost. .lour. Nat. Hist. 



Mountains near the southeastern borders of California (7>. Cooper) ; thence to S. Utah Fre- 

 mont, Newberry, Mrn. Thompson. This and A. {Mcgalml.rum) JFrujIUii, Gray, form a remarkable 

 section of the genus, which might almost as well lie referred to Towmsendia. Stylc-anpendaces 

 short, obtuse. Akenes (young) linear-oblong, silky-villous. Bristles of the pappus aljout 

 20 in a single series, strong, flattish, serrulate-scabrous, nearly eciualling the disk-corolla, and a 

 few slender and shorter ones internii.xed. 



§ 3. Perennials, with leaves merely serrate or entire. — Aster proper. 

 * Papjms rather rigid, some of the longer bristles thickened towards the summit : in- 

 volucre campannlate or turbinate; its scales very regularly imbricated in many 

 ranks, rigid, with short green or greenish tips, the outer successively shorter. 



6. A. radulinus, Gray. ]{oughish-pubescent throughout : stem rather stout, 

 one or two feet high, branching above and bearing an open corymb of middle-sized 

 heads : leaves rigid and coriaceous, oblong, or the lower obovate spatulate, sharply 

 serrate above, tapering below into a narrowed entire base, prominently reticulate- 

 veiny, scabrous both sides, the midrib very prominent beneath : ])eduncles short : 

 involucre obconical, 4 or 5 lines long ; its scales rigid, apjirossed, lanceolate or ob- 

 long, obtuse or abruptly pointed or mucronate, more or less glandular-pubescent, 

 the tips mostly green: rays 15 to 18, white (perhajis not always so); akenes mi- 

 nutely pubescent. — Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 388. A. Padula, Less, in Linntpa vi 

 125 ; Durand Si Hilgard PI. Pratten., not of Ait. 



Dry open ground, Montmny to Mondocino Co. aheiipo to Oregon, E. HnU) : also in (ho Sierra 

 from Nevada Co. northward, Torvcy, Lrmmoii. This is iienriv leinted to A. rwi-piniu.f, i,indl., 

 of the region much farther north, — a nlant with larger heads and loaves, — while the smaller 

 forms are more, like A. monlanus, eiiually a northern species. 



* * Pappus softer and equable. 



-f- Low and diffuse : branches leafy to the top and bearing small mostly single heads. 



7. A. Bloomeri, Gray, 1. c. Cespitose, a span or less in height, minutely cine- 

 reous-hirsute, and near the heads somewhat glandular : branches ascending : leaves 

 oblong-linear or the lower spatulate, 3 to 10 lines long, obtuse, entire, very rough 

 both sides with the short minutely his])id pubpscenco, the upiiennost j^issing into 

 scales of the involucre ; these 25 to 30, linear, acute, glandular and greenish : ravs 

 12 to 15, apparently purple, about 4 lines long : akenes minutely pubescent. 



Moist flats near Mount Davidson, Nevada (probably also within the State lioundary), Blnomrr, 

 Lemmon. Heads 4 lines long. 



-(- +- Stems erect and branching, leafy, bearing several or numerous rommonly panicu- 

 late or racemose heads: involucre imbricated, 



++ Its scales many-ranked, close, and with short green ti/is. 



8. A. MenziOBii, Limll. Minutely hoary with a fine (either soft or scabrous) 

 pubescence, or glabrate below, a foot or two high : stem and branches virgate, rigid : 



