Encelia. COMPOSITiE. 35 1 



47. ENCELIA, Adanson. 

 Head many-flowered, lieterogamous, with several or numerous neutral rays, or 

 rarely homogamous, the rays wanting; disk-flowers perfect. Involucre hemispherical 

 or campanulate, of more or less imbricated and herbaceous scales. Receptacle flat- 

 tish ; the chafi" subtending the disk-flowers mostly thin, concave or folded around 

 the akenes. Disk-corollas cylindraceous or somewhat funnelform, 5-toothed. 

 Style-appendages commonly more or less elongated, hirsute. Akenes flat (laterally 

 much compressed) and thin-odged, but wingless, obovato or oblong-ovul with more 

 or less emarginate or bidentate summit, long-ciliate or naked. Pappus none or a 

 pair of awns ; no intermediate scales. — Perennial lierbs, or with shrubby base (all 

 American and chiefly Western) ; with opposite or alternate and simple but sometimes 

 lobed leaves, and middle-sized or pretty large slender-peduncled heads of chiefly 

 yellow flowers, those of the disk occasionally brownish or purple. — Benth. & Ilook. 

 Gen. ii. 378 (incl. Geroea, Barrattia, & Sinisia) ; Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 656. 



§ 1. Akenes villous-ciliate : pappus none, or mere rudimentary awns to the abortive 

 ray -akenes : leaves all or all but the very lowest alternate. — True Encelia. 



i. E. Californica, Nutt. Woody at base, 2 to 4 feet high, strong-scented; 

 minutely pubescent and rather hoary, or becoming green and smoother : leaves (an 

 inch or two long) varying from ovate to broadly lanceolate, entire or occasionally 

 repand-toothed, rather indistinctly 3-ribbed from the base, abruptly pctioled, the 

 broader ones rounded nt base : involucre whito.-villous : rays numerous, an inch 

 long, 2-4 toothed at the end: akenes obovato, very long-villous on the callous 

 margins, the notch at summit very shallow. 



Dry hills near the coast, Santa Barbara to San Diego, and thence to the Gila, where it is vari- 

 able, often smaller, dopauperate, apparentlj-including all that lias been referred to E. conspcrsa, 

 Benth., of Lower California. Akenes less cinarginato and leaves loss narrowed at base than in the 

 Chilian U. oblongifoUa. 



2. E. farinosa, Gray. Shrubby at the base, silvery-canescent with a dense and 

 furfuraceous white tomentum, wholly glabrous Avhere this is deciduous : leaves 

 ovate or ovato-lancoolato with mostly cunoato base, entire, obtuse, 3-ribbed at base : 

 heads rather small and numerous, on slender peduncles, in a naked panicle or 

 corymb : involucre much shorter than the disk : rays 6 to 10, barely half an inch 

 long: akenes obovate and with a deep narrow notch, long-ciliate. — Emory, Rep. 

 143. E. nivea, Gray in Bot. Mex. Bound. 88, not of Benth. 



Southeastern California, and adjacent parts of Arizona, Coulter, Pnrry, Newberry, Cooper. 



§ 2. Akenes villous-ciliate and with a pappus of 2 chaffy avms : leaves mostly alter- 

 nate, naked-petioled. — Ger.ea, Benth. {Gercva k Simsia § Gera'a, Gray.) 



3. E. eriocephala, Gray. Ilerbaceoua (perhaps annual or biennial) : stem 

 mostly simple, a foot or so high, leafy towards the base, naked and simple or loosely 

 corymbose above, sparsely hirsute : leaver very hirsute with long and spreading 

 white hairs, obovate or spatulate, and tapering into a margined jietinlc, or tlio upper- ' 

 most lanceolate and sessile, mostly with some coarse teetli : scales of the homispher- 

 ical involucre linear-lanceolate, loose, green and somewhat villous (a.s well as glan- 

 dular) on the back, densely villous-ciliate with very long white hairs : rays 12 or 

 more, oblong-obovate, nearly entire: akenes runoato-obovate, very villous on tho 

 sides as well m margins, each nuirgin produced at the broadly notched sinnmit into 

 a rigid naked persistent awn. — Proc. Am. Acad. viii. Gt)7. Gera'a rauesrens, Torr. & 

 Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. v. 48. JSimsia ((renpa) canescens, (rmy, 1^1. Fendl. 85. 



Port Mohave, Fort Yuma, and elsewhere along the Colorado and vicinity. Coulter, Frevxont, 



