HeNanlhx.i. COxMl'USIT.E. 353 



Branches of the style tipped with a subulate hisi)id appendage. Akencs thick, 

 commonly obovate-oblong, either 4-angled or somewhat lenticular, laterally more or 

 less compressed, the edges obtuse as well as margiidess. Pappus caducous, of 2 

 chaffy awns or pointed scales, one from each principal angle of the akene, sometimes 

 with two or more very small and thin intermediate scales, which are equally cadu- 

 cous. — Coarse annuals or perennials, with entire or merely toothed leaves, at least 

 the lower ones mostly opposite, and solitary or somewhat corymlwso heads, of largo 

 or middle size. Hays yellow : disk yellow, brownisli, or sometimes dark jjurplo. 



A genus of iienrly tlireescore sjwcics, nil Aiiiuricnii mid cliielly toiniifinlo Norlli AiiiPricaii, 

 most of tliem in the Atlantic United Stiitcs, very few in California. 



* Av)iVfi/s, yiitJi haven Cribbed (tt base, (til bid the loivent iisitaUi/ nltfriKite : receptacle 

 ftat : disk brown is/i or dark pnrplisli. 



1. H. annuus, Linn. Largo, hispid and rough : leaves deltoid-ovate and the 

 lower more or less cordate, acuminate, 3 to 7 inches long, all petioled : scales of the 

 involucre ovate or ovate-lanceolate, abruptly slender-acuminate : chaff of the recep- 

 tacle shorter tlian the flowers : akones in tlio wild plants appressed silky-pubescent, 

 '1\ to 4 lines long: ])appus of 2 chaffy scales. — The wild plant, with peduncles 

 moderately if at all thickened, receptacle an inch or so in diameter, and even the 

 lower leaves not much cordate, is H. lenticularis, Dongl. in Bot. Beg. t. 1205. 



Banks of .streams, and open places, in the eastern and sonthcni part of the State, more common 

 in Nevada, and thence to Nehraska and Texas. Seeds nsed for food hy the Indians. In all jn-ob- 

 ahility this wild sunflower of the plains is the original of the lonrj-cultivatcd //. nnnnvs:. A 

 spocinion from Fort Tcjon, by Xantus, would ho n^forrnd to that s|iei'ieH. 



2. H. petiolaris, Nutt. Slender, about 2 foot high, branching : leaves from ovate 

 to ovate-lanceolate, conimotdy almost entire, contracted at base into long and slender 

 petioles : head rather small : acuminate tip of the chaff of the receptacle not longer 

 tlian the flowers : akenea more or less appre.ssed-pul)escent. 



Occurs sparingly in the eastern .and southern parts of the State and Nevada : common in Utah and 

 eastward nhnost to tlie Mississippi. Seemingly j)asses into depauperate forms of the preceding. 



'^. H. Bolanderi, (trny. Stem hirsute, branching, 2 foot or more high : leavers 

 ovate-lanceolate or tlie lower rhomboid-ovate, acute or acuininajc, very sliarply and 

 coarsely serrate, on slender petioles : heads somewhat i)ani(rl(M|, short-jiedunch'd : 

 involucre loosely hirsute ; its scales linear-lanceolate, nttcnuate-acuminate, loose, folia- 

 coous, longer than the disk, mostly equalling the 10 or 12 rays : cliaff of the receptacle 

 entire or nearly so, tipped with an awn exceeding the dark purple corollas : akones 

 silky-pubescent : pappus of 2 subulate chaffy awns. — Proc. Am. Acad. vi. 544. 



Lake County, at the Geysers, Bolanclcr. Also collected by Bridrjcs, hut hahitut unknown. 

 Heads small. Leaves 3 to 5 inches long, on petioles of about half their length. 



4. H. exilis, Oray, 1. c. More or less hirsute : stems .slender, branching, a foot 

 high : leaves linear-oblong or lanceolate, nearly entire, obscurely 3-norvod at base, 

 lapering into ^ short petiole : heads very small, on slender sometinu^s leafy-bractoil 

 peduncles : scales of the involucre nearly a.s in the jiroceding : mys 5 to H : chad' of 

 the receptacle produced into an awn-like cusp which eipials the dark-jiurjile corollas: 

 akenes nearly glabrous : pappus of 2 ovate-lanceolate ebaffy scales. 



Wet places around Clear Lake, Bolnnder. Long Valley, Mendocino Co., a larger form, one or 

 two feet high, Kr.H.nrjrj. Hoiids 4 to lines hi^h. A form, jJrohnMy of this species, with even 

 the u])per leaves mo.stly opposite, scales of the involucre broader and erect, and the long hirsute 

 hairs mostly wanting, was collected in Owens Valley by Dr. Horn. 



* * Perenniah : receptacle convex : disk dull yellow. 



5. H. Californicus, DC. Stem glabrous, rather slender, 2 to 5 feet high, 

 simple or branching : leaves alternate or some of them opposite, minutely scobrous- 



