354 COMPOSlTa-E. lldianlhKs. 



pubescent, short-petiuled or nearly sessile ; the lower lanceolate or soiuetimes uvate- 

 lanceolate and acuiuinate, either entire or obtusely serrate, 4 to 8 inelies lon^' ; the 

 upper usually siualh'r ujid more narrowly lanceolate, entire : heads mostly on slender 

 rather short pediuich's : scales of tlio involucre slender,' linear-lanceolate, tajierin*,' 

 iiit(j louj,' and Hpreailiii^' acuiniuato tips : raya Ifi to 20, an inch or more long : chair 

 of the receptacle blunt : ukenes very Hat, j^labrous : pappus of 2 or 3 lanceolate 

 chall'y scales. — //. gijanteus, var. insulus, Kellogg in Proc. Calif. Acad. v. 17. 



Along streams, common near Sun Francisco, &c. ; extending into the foot-hills of the Sierra 

 Nevada uj) to 4,000 feet. Kootstofk thick and tuberous, with a terebinthine juice or exudation. 

 Sides of the akene Hat and entirely destitute of angles. Larger leaves triple-ribbed. 



H. NuTTALUi, Torr. & ^iray, which grows in N. W. Nevada, has more slender stems, more 

 linear leaves, scales of the iiivolucn; hirsute-ciliato towards the base, chall'of the recepUiclo acute, 

 pappus more slender, ami akeuo (when young) with evident latcml angles. 



60. VIGUIEEA, HBK. 



Head, llowers, &c. as in lldianthas, but usually of smaller size; imbricated invo- 

 lucre less herbaceous ; receptacle inclined to be conical ; and, especially, the pappus 

 less deciduous or even persistent, consisting of 2 or more scarious chaify scales on 

 each side between the awns. — Chielly tropical or subtropical American : only one 

 species has actually been observed within the limits of the Htate. 



In Lower California (Caiio San Lucas) there are a few s])ecies, such as F. ddioidea aud V. lamen- 

 tosa, Gray in Proc. Am. Acad. v. IGl, and y. subiiiclsa, Benth., which may be related to tlie fol- 

 lowing. 



1. V. laciniata, Gray. Shrubby (i), minutely scabrous-hispid, branching : leaves 

 on the branches alternate, ovate-lanceolate or obscurely hastate in general outline, 

 incisely lobed or pinnatilid, tapering at base into a short petiole, coarsely reticulate- 

 veined, sparsely [)apillose-l)ispid : heads corymbose, less than half an inch long : 

 involucre short ; its scales oblong-ovate and coriaceous : flowers yellow : rays 8 to 

 10: receptacle convex: pappus apparently deciduous; its chaffy awns about the 

 length of the sparingly ciliato akene ; the truncate intervening scales conspicuous, 

 more or less conlhient into one on each side, aud erosely fimbriate at summit. — Bot. 

 Mex. Bound. 81). 



East of San Diego, Schotl, Nexuberry, Clevdand. Apparently a low bushy i>lant, shrul^by at 

 base, and with slender herbaceous branches. 



2. V. nivea, Benth. (i) Silvery-white with ajjpressed and dense silky jmbes- 

 cenco (hairiness rather than tomentum), low or procumbent : leaves ovate, entire or 

 nearly so, 3-ril)bed at ba.se, the lowisr ones opposite : peduncle slender, nio.stly bear- 

 ing a single head : scales of the involucre ovate-lanceolate, silky-tomentose, in about 

 2 series, rather loose : chaff of the involucre rather shorter than the flowers : rays 10 

 or 12, yellow : akenes (ovaries) oblong, somewhat villous : pappus of a few thin and 

 small chaffy .scales and a pair of chaffy awns, or sometimes the awns reduced to 

 scales and not longer than the hairs of the ovary, deciduous. — Encelia nivea, Benth. 

 Bot. Sulph. p. 27 (?). Helianthns {Harpalium) tephrodes, Gray in Bot. Mex. Bound. 

 90. BahiopsU lanata, Kellogg in Proc. Calif. Acad. ii. 35 (?). 



S. E. California, at Mirasol del Monte, in tlie desert, SdinU. An iniHimiilete specimen, proba- 

 bly identical (aUliongh tlu^ leaves ari^ nioslly alternate) with Hentiuim's EiuxUa niwii of Lower 

 California, wliicli he supposes may Ito Kcllogg's liiiliiopsis laiiaia, of the same region, and would 

 now (in (Jen. I'l. ii. 370, 378) refer tu rif/uicni. 



51. PUGIOPAPPUS, Gray. 

 Head many-flowered, heterogamous ; the rays 7 to 10, more or less pistillate and 

 fertile ; disk-flowers perfect. Involucre broadly campanulate, double ; the outer of 

 4 or 5 loose and somewhat foliaceous, the inner of mostly 10 thinner and rather 



