^20 COMTOSITJ-;. Cjiirns. 



liair long in the larger heads. Stignuitic tip of the style naked and ratiier short. This jiioves to 

 Ijc Nuttall's Cardiiua occidental in, and this specitic name may well be used in the changes u( 

 nomenclature rendered necessary by the adoption ol" the generic name Onicus. As in several 

 species ol' the genus, some of the outermost pa[)pus wants the plumes, but in the rest it is as con- 

 spicuous and the bristles as stout and numerous as in most Thistles. 



* * Heads smaller (not over an inch and a half high) : Jiowers ivhite, a'eam-colur, or in 

 one species pxirple : herbage and involucre less densely white-woolly, or naked with age. 



+- Scales (if the involucre ratlier rigid, with broadish appiressed coriaceous base, taper- 

 ing into pungenllg spiny-pointed tips; the outer somewhat shorter and spreading. 



8. C. Andrewsii, (imy, 1. c. At leatj,th green, tlu> thin and loose cobwebliy 

 wool boiug ilucidiioua, uppurontly tiill ami panieulutuly branched : cauline leaves 

 lanceulute uuil luciiiiate-iiiuniitilid : involucre very cobwebby: lubes of tlie equally- 

 clel't (apparently wliito or whitish) curolla about twice the length of the tliroat : 

 anther-tips triangulur-ucutc. 



Founded on a single sjjecinien, collected by Dr. Aiulrcws, probably not far from San Francisco 

 or Sacramento ; dittering from the following in the lengtli of the corolla-lobes (3 or 4 lines) 

 compared with the throat (1^ to 2 lines) ; the whole corolla luirdly an inch long. 



y. C. Californicus, (Jray, 1. c. Kather loosely white-woolly, at least when 

 young, 2 to 5 leet high : leaves either sinnatuly or deeply pinnatilid ; involucre 

 more or less cobwebby, or at length almost nuked : lobes of the white or cream- 

 colored corolla shorter (the four jnore united often nuich short(;r) than the tiiroat. 

 — Cirsiurit Calij'ornicuin, Gray in Pacif. li. IJep. iv. 112. 



Dry ojien ground, from the Stanislaus River {Biijclow) to Santa Clara Co. (Brewer), and near 

 San Diego {Cuupr/r, Cleveland) : apparently in other parts of the State and the borders of Nevada, 

 in varying forms. 



+- +- Scales of the involucre thinner and less rigid, looser and more sle)ider from the 

 base ; the outer only tveakly prickly-pointed. 



10. C. edulis, Gray, 1. c. Loosely coljwebby when young, soon green : stem .'i 

 to 8 feet high, rathcir sucxulent and tender, leafy to the top, bearing rather few 

 more or less paniclud or clustered heads : leaves thin, mostly only sinuate-pinnatiiid 

 and obtuse : involucre very uobwobby when y(jang, mostly innocuous : corolla pur- 

 ple (perhaps sometimes whitish), slender, ecjually or somewhat unequally 5-cleft ; the 

 lobes becoming nearly filiform with a thickened ti|», considerably shorter than the 

 throat. — Cirsium edule, Nutt. 1. c. 



Wet or shady jihiccs, especially in IJcdwoods, from San Francisco Hay northward thruugli 

 Oregon to Ihiti.sh Columbia. The stems, stripped of iiurU and leaves, are said to Ik^ ciilrn niw 

 by the Oregon Indians ; whentre the name of the species. 



11. C. remotifolius, Gray, 1. c. Tall (3 to 8 feet high), sparsely-leave<l, 

 especially tt)wurds the naked ])anicle, scarcely or lightly woolly, except the under 

 side of the leaves, which also is commonly white but sometimes naked with age : 

 leaves mostly pinnately parted into lanceolate or linear prickly-tip])ed and spinulose- 

 edged divisions : involucre lightly col)webby when young, at length nearly naked ; 

 its scales all slender and thinnish, linear-attenuate and mostly equal in length, 

 loosely ascending, slightly and weakly prickly-])ointe(l : corolla yellowish-white; 

 three or four of the l<dies uniteil higjier up, shorter than the throat. Carduus 

 remotifolius, llook. Cirsium rcmotifoliiim, DC C. stenolepidum, Mvitt. I. c. 



Low grounils along streams, in Oregon, and south to Humboldt Co., California, Kclluycj and 

 Harfurd. A well-marked species, although the name is not always ai)propriate. 



§ 3. Scales of the globular involucre, or most of them, with a dilated and erosely lacer- 

 ate or cut-fringed scarious appendage. (Echinais, Cass., DC.) 



12. C. carlinoides, Schraidc, var. Americanus, (iray. A foot or two high, 

 branching: leaves sinuately or sometimes dtteply pinnatilid, more or less prickly, 



